Organic Functional Groups and Gas Laws

Flashcards reviewing organic functional groups and gas law concepts from the chemistry practice worksheet.

Thiol

A functional group characterized by a sulfhydryl group ($-SH$) attached to a carbon skeleton.

Carboxylic Acid

A functional group containing a carbonyl bonded directly to a hydroxyl group ($-COOH$).

Amine

A nitrogen-containing functional group with a lone pair, such as $-NH_2$, bonded to an alkyl or aryl group.

Ketone

A functional group containing a carbonyl group ($C=O$) bonded to two carbon atoms within a carbon backbone or ring system.

Phenol

An organic functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group ($-OH$) bonded directly to an aromatic benzene ring.

Gas Mass Comparison (Molar Mass Effect)

The principle that for two identical volumes of gas at the same temperature and pressure, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) possesses a greater mass than helium ($He$) because it has a larger molar mass.

Pressure Drop in an Emptying Cylinder

According to the ideal gas law ($PV = nRT$), as gas escapes from a rigid cylinder of constant volume and temperature, the number of moles ($n$) decreases, which causes the pressure ($P$) to fall.

Boyle's Law

The gas law stating that at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional: $P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2$.

Charles's Law

The gas law stating that at constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature in Kelvin: $\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$.

Combined Gas Law

The gas relationship that relates initial and final pressure, volume, and absolute temperature simultaneously: $\frac{P_1 V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2 V_2}{T_2}$.