chapter 1 immunology - innate recognition and effectors

What receptors does innate immunity use to recognize danger?

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs).

What does PRR stand for?

Pattern-recognition receptor.

Are PRRs germline encoded?

Yes.

What do PRRs recognize on pathogens?

PAMPs.

What does PAMP stand for?

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

What do PRRs recognize on damaged host cells?

DAMPs.

What does DAMP stand for?

Damage-associated molecular pattern.

Are PAMPs and DAMPs highly antigen-specific?

No; they are generic patterns found on many pathogens or damaged cells.

What happens when PAMPs or DAMPs bind PRRs?

They trigger innate immune responses.

What are major innate immune effector responses?

Cytokines/chemokines, complement, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and phagocytosis.

What is the basic goal of innate immunity?

Prevent infection or eliminate pathogens quickly after contact.

What physical structures help prevent pathogen entry?

Epithelial and endothelial barriers.