2023 Floriculture National CDE Test

What causes the stomata on the leaf to open? A. Darkness | B. Moisture Availability | C. Light | D. Oxygen

C. Light

The ideal water-to-air ratio in the pores of the soil is A. 25% air and 75% water | B. 60% air and 40% water | C. 80% air and 20% water | D. 50% air and 50% water

D. 50% air and 50% water

Root growth bio-stimulants do all of the following except: A. Increase respiration | B. Improve water uptake | C. Increase the number of fibrous roots | D. Improve nutrient uptake

A. Increase respiration

In floral design, the three secondary colors are: A. brown, purple, white | B. orange, green, violet | C. red, yellow, blue | D. yellow, blue, green

B. orange, green, violet

Which of these lists of flowers are all line flowers? A. Aster, daffodils, bells of Ireland, peonies | B. Roses, statice, carnations, sunflowers | C. Baby’s breath, liatris, sunflowers, roses | D. Liatris, gladiolus, snapdragons, delphinium

D. Liatris, gladiolus, snapdragons, delphinium

Ridge and furrow greenhouses by definition, are A. greenhouses built as a stand-a-lone greenhouse | B. greenhouses connected to one another along the length | C. greenhouses built as a lean-to greenhouse | D. greenhouses with an uneven span design

B. greenhouses connected to one another along the length

Most plants grow best at pH of A. 5.4-6.0 | B. 4.5-5.8 | C. 6.2-6.8 | D. 7.0

C. 6.2-6.8

The term used for the response of a plant to the day-night cycle is A. Photoperiodism | B. Photosynthesis | C. Respiration | D. Assimilation

A. Photoperiodism

Which of these LD numbers would be the most toxic pesticide? A. LD50 number of 855 | B. LD50 number of 51 | C. LD50 number of 411 | D. LD50 number of 126

B. LD50 number of 51

The process whereby nitrogen is lost from the soil to the atmosphere is called __________________________. A. chlorosis | B. nitrification | C. denitrification | D. leaching

C. denitrification

Which statement is not true about pot sizes used in greenhouse production? A. A standard pot is shorter in height than width | B. A bulb pan is half as high as its width | C. An azalea pot is not as tall as it is wide | D. A standard pot is equal in width and height

A. A standard pot is shorter in height than width

The term “forcing” in greenhouse plant production is: A. getting a seed to germinate and grow | B. the use of fans to circulate air in a greenhouse | C. using growth regulators to control plant height | D. a term used to describe the practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers

D. a term used to describe the practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers

Water tubes are: A. a device to force water into the soil of a potted plant | B. a device to force water into a cool cell pad for evaporative cooling | C. the small tube with a weight on the end to place in a basket or pot to water plants | D. a rubber-capped, plastic tube used for holding water and a single flower in floral work

D. a rubber-capped, plastic tube used for holding water and a single flower in floral work

The collection of petals on a flower is referred to as the: A. sepal | B. corolla | C. calyx | D. pedicel

B. corolla

Flowers that have sepals, petals, stamen and pistils are called: A. incomplete flowers | B. imperfect flowers | C. complete flowers | D. determinate flowers

C. complete flowers

Placement of materials at different levels within the arrangement helps establish: A. depth | B. focal point | C. form | D. pattern

A. depth

The pistil is A. the female part of the flower | B. the male part of the flower | C. where the seed develops | D. easy to find on a lilac

A. the female part of the flower

A _____________________ is a floral piece commonly found at a funeral. A. standing spray | B. corsage | C. nose gay | D. centerpiece arrangement

A. standing spray

A 28 gauge florist wire is ______________ than an 18 gauge wire. A. thinner | B. shorter | C. longer | D. thicker

A. thinner

DIF, used for height management of crops, is the difference between the daytime temperature and A. temperature requirement | B. morning temperature | C. night time temperature | D. none of the above

C. night time temperature

The fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that govern the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature are known as _________________ A. elements of design | B. transitions of design | C. principles of design | D. none of the above

C. principles of design

Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator? A. ethylene | B. anthocyanin | C. abscisic acid | D. gibberellin

B. anthocyanin

The virtual visual path that directs eye movement through a composition is __________________. A. pattern | B. form | C. line | D. none of the above

C. line

The planned area within a floral design, which is devoid of flowers, foliage or other objects, but is still integral to the design is known as ____________________. A. the focal area | B. positive space | C. negative space | D. all of the above

C. negative space

The four raw materials needed for photosynthesis to occur in a plant are: A. oxygen, water, glucose, and chlorophyll | B. nitrogen, water, sugar, and light | C. carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and light | D. light, water, glucose, oxygen

C. carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and light

With mat irrigation, water moves by ___________________ from the mat into the root substrate in the pot to maintain constant moisture. A. zero-leaching | B. capillary action | C. xeri-action | D. overhead

B. capillary action

The cost of the plant materials (i.e. cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, or other plant propagules) would be examples of ____________ costs on a financial planning sheet. A. wholesale | B. overhead | C. fixed | D. direct

D. direct

When propagating asexually, roses can be reproduced from __________. A. vegetative cuttings | B. budded plants | C. grafted plants | D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Soil pH is based on the concentration of _____________ ions in the soil. A. calcium | B. hydrogen | C. oxygen | D. sulfur

B. hydrogen

The ___________________ phase begins when a plant’s seed germinates and grows producing leaves, stems, and roots. A. annual | B. dormancy | C. reproductive | D. vegetative

D. vegetative

The tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf through which gas enters and escapes are __________________. A. cuticle | B. petiole | C. stipule | D. stomata

D. stomata

The process of a plant losing water through the leaves in the form of water vapor is referred to as ___________________. A. dehydration | B. photosynthesis | C. respiration | D. transpiration

D. transpiration

The waxy coating, called the ______________________, serves to prevent water loss from the leaf tissues. A. axil | B. blade | C. cuticle | D. vein

C. cuticle

Lime furnishes _____________________, one of the most important of the macro food elements. A. potassium | B. phosphorus | C. sulfur | D. calcium

D. calcium

Auxin is responsible for apical dominance in plants. Auxin is produced in three places in the plant located in the _______________. A. main stem, older leaves, and flowers | B. lower buds, leaf buds, and fruit | C. leaf petiole, shoot tips, and main older roots | D. shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips

D. shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips

A complete fertilizer is recommended for a greenhouse crop. Which fertilizer analysis below is NOT a complete fertilizer? A. 16-4-8 | B. 10-0-10 | C. 5-10-10 | D. 17-17-17

B. 10-0-10

Mass flowers include all of the following except: A. chrysanthemums | B. baby’s breath | C. carnations | D. zinnias

B. baby’s breath

Light intensity can be measured in units of: A. nanometers | B. micrometers | C. foot-candles | D. newtons

C. foot-candles

The ___________________ transports water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. A. phloem | B. xylem | C. pith | D. cambium

B. xylem

Crassula argentea is the botanical name for jade plant. Crassula is the ______________________ of the plant. A. family | B. cultivar | C. species | D. genus

D. genus

Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is commonly used to: A. control insects | B. control diseases | C. raise soil pH | D. promote rooting of cuttings

D. promote rooting of cuttings

A guideline for estimating the size for a floral design for a defined space is known as: A. rule of thirds | B. third rule | C. the golden ratio | D. the golden rule

A. rule of thirds

The term variegated means? A. leaves can only be both yellow and green | B. leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors | C. leaves have only stripes of different colors | D. leaves are solid green with no other colors

B. leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors

Systemic dyeing occurs by plants absorbing color through the A. petal | B. leaf | C. sepal | D. stem

D. stem

Number 9 ribbon is approximately ___________ in length. A. 5/8” | B. 7/8” | C. 1 and 7/16” | D. 2 and 11/16”

C. 1 and 7/16”

Floral foam is one of the most basic mechanics used in the floral industry. The term hydrophilic foam is _________________________. A. a foam that absorbs water | B. a brand name for foam | C. a type of foam that does not absorb water | D. a foam that is used with silk, plastic, or dried flowers

A. a foam that absorbs water

A Hogarth curve floral design is created by: A. an “O” shape | B. a “C” shape | C. a “S” shape | D. a “H” shape

C. a “S” shape

Clogged stems in cut flowers is caused by an air embolism. An air embolism is: A. where disease organisms move into the flower from air clogging the stem | B. where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower | C. where the difference between room and flower cooler temperature clog the stem | D. where the flower stem clogs when the flower cooler temperature drops below 36 degrees F

B. where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower

Gerbera daisies and daisy mums use the ______________ wiring method when used in corsages and boutonnieres. A. hook | B. clutch | C. piercing | D. stitch

A. hook

An acid loving plant grows best at a pH of ___________________. A. 6.8-7.4 | B. 6.2-6.8 | C. 4.5-5.8 | D. 5.8-6.0

C. 4.5-5.8