C5-8 & 10

surplus (to sth)

more than what is needed, required, or useful for a specific purpose (←→ shortage)

budgetary → to budget sth (for sth)

financial plan which government (or institution) has & which shows in detail how much money there is available & how it is to be spent

a shortfall

amount of excess debts over income (= a deficit / ←→ surplus)

revenue

total annual income of State from taxes

a slash

cut sth (amount of money or time) drastically

a curb (on sth)

to control sth & keep sth within fixed limits

to inflate; sth

to increase

to depress sth

to cause sth to fall in value or become less (←→ to boost sth)

recessionary

relating to, characterized by, or likely to cause an economic recession (a period of declining economic activity, falling output, rising unemployment, and lower business earnings)

a corporation

large business or company, or group of companies that are all controlled & run together as single org

a subsidiary (company)

company which is part of larger & more important company

an outlet

shop selling goods made by particular company

merchandise

goods that you sell/buy/trade with (= goods)

overheads = outgoings

amounts of money which you have to spend regularly, to pay rent, bills… (= expenses/expenditure)

a valuation

calculate roughly the cost, value… of sth

protectionism → protectionist

policy country has of helping its own industries by putting tax on imported goods (←→ free trade)