Chem formulas

Mass %

$$\%=\frac{masspart}{masssolution}$$

Parts per million

$$ppm=\frac{masspart}{masssolution}\cdot10^6$$

Mole Fraction

$$X=\frac{molepart}{totalmolessolution}$$

Molarity

$$M=\frac{molsolute}{L\circ solution}$$

molality

$$m=\frac{molsolute}{\operatorname{kg}solvent}$$

Solid to Liquid

Melting

Solid to Gas

Sublimation

Liquid to Gas

Vaporization

Liquid to Solid

Freezing

Gas to liquid

Condensation

Gas to Solid

Deposition

Vertical segment of a heat curve

q=(specific heat)(mass in g)(ΔT) J/g°C

Horizontal segment of a heat curve

q = (ΔHprocess)(mass in mol) kj/mol