Principles of Management - Chapter 2

Differential rate system

more efficient workers earn higher wages

Administrative Management (Historical Perspective)

viewpoint concerned with managing the total organization

Administrative Management proponents

Henri Fayol

Max Weber

Henri Fayol (author)

author of General and Industrial Management

Henri Fayol (theorist)

First to identify major management functions:

planning

organizing

leading

controlling

coordinating

The Father of scientific management

Frederick Taylor

Soldiering

Deliberately working at less than full capacity

Classical Viewpoint (Historical Perspective)

viewpoint emphasizing ways to manage work more efficiently

contemporary perspective viewpoints (1960s+)

Systems

Contingency

Quality Management

historical perspective viewpoints (1911-1950)

Classical

Behavioral

Quantitative

flat organization

few or no levels of management

reasons to study management theory

understand the present

guide to action

source of new ideas

clues to manager decisions

clues to outside events

producing positive results

Peter Drucker (author)

author of The Practice of Management

Peter Drucker (developer)

first developer of management material

Historical

Contemporary

types of management theory

"the best way to predict your future is to create it"

Peter Drucker (speaker)

Douglas McGregor (theorist)

created Theory X and Theory Y

Early Behaviorism

Human Relations Movement

Behavioral Science approach

phases of behavioral viewpoint

(historical perspective)

Behavioral Science Approach

(behavioral viewpoint - historical perspective)

relies on scientific research for developing theories about behavior useful to managers

Human Relations Movement pioneers

Abraham Maslow

Douglas McGregor

Early Behaviorism pioneers

Hugo Munsterberg

Mary Parker Follett

Elton Mayo

features of bureaucracy

hierarchy

rules

merit based promotions

specialists

impersonality

"Bureaucracy is based on logic"

Max Weber (speaker)

first person to systematize management

Henri Fayol (theorist)

Theory X/Theory Y

(McGregor)

helps managers understand how their beliefs affect their behavior

Theory Y

(McGregor)

optimistic, positive view of workers

Theory X

(McGregor)

pessimistic, negative view of workers

List of Hierarchy of Human Needs

physiological

safety

love

esteem

self-actualization

Abraham Maslow (developer)

developed hierarchy of human needs

"Managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity"

Elton Mayo (speaker)

Hawthorne Effect

employees work harder if they receive

added attention,

concern from managers and

special attention from supervisors

Integration

managers and workers talk to resolve differences and conflicts for mutual satisfaction

Contingency Viewpoint

(Contemporary Perspective)

viewpoint that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation

Systems Viewpoint

(Contemporary Perspective)

viewpoint that regards organizations as systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose

Quantitative Viewpoint

(Historical Perspective)

viewpoint that applies quantitative techniques to management

Behavioral Viewpoint

(Historical Perspective)

viewpoint that emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement

"Organizations should be operated as communities"

"Managers should be facilitators"

Mary Parker Follett (speaker)

Industrial Psychology

(Munsterberg - Early Behaviorism)

the study of human behavior in workplaces

Management Science

Operations Management

two approaches of quantitative management

Operations Research (OR)

aka Management Science

statistics and computer simulations

(management type)

quantitative management

Gilbreths (theorists)

filmed workers in order to isolate parts of the job

Management Science

tool which focuses on using math to aid in problem solving and decision making

stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and math models to improve decision making and strategic planning.

Operation Management

management style focusing on managing the efficient production and delivery of products or services