ana/phy pt. 2

epiphyseal plate

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that allows for growth of a bone

compact bone

osteons

spongy bone

trabeculae

cancaliculi

small passageways in the bone

blood cell formation in…

red bone marrow - red, white, and platelets

hydroxyapatite

most salt is crystals of this

ossification

forming new bones w/ osteoblasts

bones start as what in the womb

cartilage

development of endochondral long bone

begins as hyaline cartilage model

primary ossification center: area in center of diaphysis where bone tissue first replaces cartilage

replacement with bone tissue proceeds towards ends of bone

osteoblasts from periosteum deposit compact bone around its primary center

secondary ossification centers: area of epiphyses where spongy bone forms later in development

epiphyseal plate: band of cartilage that persists between ossification centers

bones stop growing at what age

25

bone resoption

removal of bone by osteoclasts

bone deposition

formation of bone by osteoblasts

vit. D

calcium absorption; deficiency causes rickets

vit. A

osteoblast and osteoclast activity; deficiency retards bone develpment

vit. C

collagen synthesis; deficiency results in slender, fragile bones

thyroid hormone

causes replacement of cartilage with bone in epiphyseal plate, osteoblast activity

parathyroid hormone

stimulates osteoclasts, bone breakdown

sex hormones

promote bone formation; stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates

simple fracture

has not come thru skin

compound

bone has come out of skin

steps in fracture repair

hematoma: blood clot forms

cartilaginous callus: fibrocartilage is produced, osteoblasts invade and produce spongy bone, phagocytes remove debris

bony callus: fibrocartilage is replaced by bone, forming the bony callus

remodeling: bone is restored close to original shape as osteoclasts remove excess bone

fontanels in baby

30

vertebrae sections

pubic symphesis

joint is also called

articulation

bursa

in between ligaments filled w/ synovial fluid