Respiratory and Circulatory systems

Alveoli

this is where the movement of gases occur; microscopic air sacs in lungs

ventilation

Process of breathing

Nose

Consists of bony framework and cartilage with skin covering it

Nasal septum

Wall of cartilage dividing the nose into two hollow spaces

Nasal cavities

Spaces between the cranium and the roof of the mouth

Cilia

Tiny, hairlike structures that filter inhaled air to trap dust and other particles

Sinuses

Cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area

Pharynx

The throat; lies directly behind the nasal cavities

Larynx

The voice box; lies between the pharnyx and trachea

Epiglottis

Leaflike cartilage structure that closes over the opening into the larynx during swallowing

Trachea

The windpipe; extends from larynx to center of the chest

Bronchi

Air tubes to and from the lungs

Bronchioles

Small branches of the bronchi; carry air in the lungs

lungs

Organs of respiration located in the thoracic cavity

Pleura

A membrane that lines the lungs and attaches to the chest wall

Respiration

Process that results in the absorption, transport, utilization, or exchange of respiratory gases between an organism and its environment

Inspiration

Inhalation, oxygen enters alveoli

Where does gas exchange happen

Alveoli and capillaries

Cellular respiration

Cells use oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon

Expiration

Exhalation, carbon leaves the body

Asthma

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways and limitation of airflow

Emphysema

Occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity

Epistaxis

Nosebleed; occurs when capillaries in the nose become congested and bleed

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucus membrane

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinuses

Influenza

Flu; a highly contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory system

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Common cold; inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the upper respiratory tract

Lung cancer

The leading cause of cancer death and it the most common type of cancer worldwide

Pleursy

Painful inflammation of the pleura, or membranes, of the lungs

Pneumonia

Inflammation or infection of the lungs characterized by exudate in the alveoli

Sleep apnea

A condition in which an individual stops breathing while asleep

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious lung disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis

Circulatory system

AKA the cardiovascular system; consists of heart, blood vessels, + blood; transports/ delivers oxygen + nutrients to cells and carries carbon away from cells

Arteries

Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arterie)

Veins

Deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)

Capillaries

Connect arterioles with venules

Circulation

Movement of body fluids and other substances such as nutrients, hormones and waste products from one body area to another

Endocardium

Smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart

Myocardium

The muscular middle layer

Pericardium

Double layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart

The heart

The pump; septum wall separates left and right side of the heart. Atria (top) contract together, ventricles (bottom) contract together

Right atrium (RA)

Receives blood from body cells via superior vena cava (SVC)

Right ventricle (RV)

Receives blood from right atrium through the tricuspid valve; from RV blood flows from pulmonary valve to lungs via pulmonary artery

Left atrium (LA)

Receives oxygenated blood

Left ventricle (LV)

Receives blood from left atrium through mitral (bicuspid) valve; blood leaves LV by aortic valve to aorta

Diastolic

Period of rest

Systole

Period of ventricular contraction

Arrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms

How many quarts of flood does the average adult have

Average adult has 4-6 quarts of blood

How much plasma is water

90%

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells; produced in the red bone marrow and live approximately 120 days before being broken down in liver and spleen

Hemoglobin

Protein within red blood cells

Thrombocytes

Formed by bone marrow and live 5-9 days. Thrombocytes form together to form a blood clot

Leukocytes

White blood cells; formed in white bone marrow and lymph tissue and live 3-9 days. Main function is to fight infection by engulfing, ingesting, and destroying pathogens by a process known as phagocytosis

What are the 5 types of leukocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Phagocytize bacteria by secreting and enzyme called lysozyme

Eosinophils

Remove toxin and defend body from allergic reactions by making antihistamines

Basophils

Produce histamines and heparin

Monocytes

Phagocytize bacteria and foreign materials

Lymphocytes

provide immunity by developing antibodies

Anemia

An inadequate number of red blood cells, low hemoglobin levels, or both

Hemophilia

An inherited disease wherein the occurs almost exclusively in males

Aneurysm

A ballooning out of, or saclike formation on, the wall of a blood vessel

Arteriosclerosis

A hardening or thickening of the arterial walls

Atherosclerosis

Occurs when fatty plaques are deposited on the walls of the arteries

Congestive heart failure

A condition that occurs when the heart muscles do not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body

Embolus

A foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack, occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart

Leukemia

A cancer of the bone marrow or lymph tissue

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein, frequently in the leg

Varicose veins

Gnarled, dilated veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis, or decreased blood flow