reproductive

Reproductive system

a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of producing new organism of the same kind

spermatozoa

Male reproductive system provide the male gamete or ________ for fertilization of the ovum

Sperm cells, Semen

________ are male reproductive cells.

________ is the protective fluid around sperm

Testes

Develop in the abdominal pelvic cavity of fetus

Testes

Descend into scrotal sac shortly before or after birth

Testes

Produce the male sex cells (spermatozoa)

Scrotum

sac that holds the testes

Interstitial cells

produce testosterone

Seminiferous tubules

System of tubes inside the male testicles

Seminiferous tubules

Filled with spermatogenic cells that produce sperm cells

Penis

Highly muscular and full of blood vessels

Penis

It is the copulatory organ of male

Delivers sperm in female’s vagina

Serves for the excretion of uri

Epididymis

A system of tubes that lie on the posterior surface of the testis

Epididymis

Temporary storage of sperm

Site where sperm undergoes maturation

Vas Deferens

A muscular tube that connects the tail of the epididymis to the urethral tube

Vas deferens

Transports sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Vasectomy

A minor surgery for male sterilization

Corpus cavernosum

is the erectile tissue of the penis

Corpus spongiosum

also called the corpus cavernosum urethrae

surrounds the urethra

Urethra

provides an exit for urine as well as semen during ejaculation

about 8 inches (20 cm) long and opens at the end of the penis

Seminal vesicles

These paired glands lie behind the bladder

Seminal vesicles

Secrete nutritive fluid (semen) for sperm to move

Prostaglandins

stimulate muscular contractions in female to propel sperm forward

Prostate Gland

to store and secrete a slightly alkaline (pH 7.29) fluid, milky or white fluid that usually constitutes 25-30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid

Bulbourethral gland

Also known as “Cowper’s Gland”

Bulbourethral gland

Produces clear, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate

Pre-ejaculate

helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through

Pre-ejaculate

neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra

Pre-ejaculate

helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter

Erection

Parasympathetic nervous system

stimulates erectile tissue

Becomes engorged with blood

Orgasm

Sperm cells propelled out of testes into urethra
Secretions from accessory organs also released into urethra

Ejaculation, flaccid

Semen is forced out of urethra

Sympathetic nerves then stimulate erectile tissue to release blood

Penis returns to _____ state

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Stimulates anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

initiates spermatogenesis

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone

Testosterone

Secondary sex characteristics

Maturation of male reproductive organs

Regulated by negative feedback

Female reproductive system

to provide the female gamete or egg cell/ovum for fertilization

Mons pubis

is a rounded mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone

Labia majora

are relatively large, fleshy folds of tissue that enclose and protect the other external genital organs

Labia minora

lie just inside the labia majora and surround the openings to the vagina and urethra

Vagina

a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female

Vagina

site where semen from the male is deposited into the female's body at the climax of sexual intercourse, commonly known as ejaculation

pubic hair

Around the vagina, _______ protects the vagina from infection and is a sign of puberty

Cervix

It is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina

Uterus

Also known as womb; is the major female reproductive organ of humans

It is a pear-shaped muscular organ

Uterus

to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose

Uterus

Hollow, muscular organ

Receives embryo and sustains its development Divisions

Endometrium

Innermost lining

Vascular

Tubular glands – mucus

Myometrium

Middle, thick, muscular layer

Perimetrium

Thin layer covering the myometrium

Secretes serous fluid to coat and protect uterus

Oviducts

Also known as Fallopian tubes

two very fine tubes leading from the ovaries into the uterus

Oviducts

Site where fertilization occurs

Ovaries

site inside the female body where ova or eggs are produced

ovulation

The process by which the ovum is released is called _____

Oogenesis

is the process of ovum formation

primary oocytes

At puberty, _______ are stimulated to continue meiosis

ovulation

Secondary oocyte released during ______

Mammary glands

secretion of milk

Oxytocin

_______ induces lactiferous ducts to deliver milk through openings

Areola

pigmented area around nipple

Alveolar glands

within mammary glands

make milk when stimulated by prolactin

Nervous stimulation

Clitoris becomes erect

Bartholin’s glands activate – lubrication

Vagina elongates

orgasm

Sufficient stimulation of clitoris

Walls of uterus and fallopian tubes contract to propel sperm up tubes

Estrogen and progesterone

Responsible for development of secondary sex characteristics

Menstrual cycle

Regular changes in uterine lining, resulting in monthly bleeding

Menarche

first menstrual period

Menopause

termination of cycle due to normal aging of ovaries

Utilization

Union of the egg and the sperm