Fundamentals Test 2

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Objects at rest tend to remain at rest; objects in motion tend to remain in motion at same speed and direction

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Acceleration of mass by a force is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

What is the Law of Conservation of matter?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

List 3 of the 5 stresses and draw the direction of each

Refer to picture

List the 3 states of matter

Solids

Liquids

Gas

Define Kinetic Energy

Energy in Motion

Energy that is stored

What determines the mechanical advantage of a system of ropes and pulleys?

The number of supporting ropes

State the three methods of reading pressure

Gauge pressure

Absolute pressure

Differential pressure

If the absolute temperature of a confined gas is doubled, what happens to the pressure?

It doubles

If the temperature is constant, what would happen to the pressure of a gas if the volume doubled?

Reduced by half

When a fluid in motion passes through a converging duct, the pressure of the fluid _____ and the velocity of the fluid _____.

Decreases; increases

Speed

Rate of motion or distance moved in a given time

Velocity

Rate of motion in a given direction

Acceleration

Rate of change of velocity

Formula for force when given pressure and area

Force = Pressure X Area

(Remember that pressure is constant)

Formula for Volume when given Area and Distance

Velocity = Area X Distance

(Remember Velocity stays constant)

What is the formula when working with levers?

LE = IR

(Effort)(Distance of effort) = (Resistance)(Distance resistance is moved)

Formula for Work

Work = Force x Distance

Formula for Power

Power = Work / Time

Formula when comparing gears

(Teeth1)(RPM1) = (Teeth2)(RPM2)

Draw a first class lever and know how to solve

Refer to picture

Latent Heat

Heat required to cause a change in the state of matter

Atom

There are over 100 of these, each with an identifiable number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Pure Water

Reference fluid for measuring the specific gravity of a solid or liquid

Density

The weight per unit volume of a substance

Sensible heat

Heat that causes an increase in temperature

Specific gravity

The ratio of the density of a material to the density of pure water

Molecule

The smallest unit of a substance (at least 2 atoms) that exhibit the physical and chemical properties of the substance

Conduction

Method of heat transfer through solid bodies

Tension

Primary stress that tries to pull an object apart

Work

The product of Force and Distance

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has weight

Bending

Secondary stress where one side will be in compression and the other in tension

Power

The timed rate of doing work (Work/Time)

Potential Energy

A charged battery is an example of this kind of energy

Convection

Method of heat transfer using fluids

Kinetic energy

Energy in motion is called this

Temperature

The relative measure of the amount of molecular motion or agitation of matter

Mass

The amount of this could be found by diving its weight by the acceleration of gravity

Distance

In all simple machines, gains in force are at the expense of what?