Hospital Lab Drug Quiz 6 Counseling points

lorazepam, diazepam indications

Commonly used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome

lorazepam, diazepam black box

Use with opioids can result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death; Risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction; To avoid withdrawal, taper off slowly

lorazepam, diazepam antidote

flumazenil

midazolam black box

Respiratory depression, respiratory arrest

flumazenil indications

Benzodiazepine overdose reversal, procedural sedation or general anesthesia

fosphenytoin, phenytoin warnings

Extravasation risk (purple glove syndrome)

valproate sodium black box

Hepatic failure; Risk of fetal harm; Pancreatitis

fosphenytoin dosing

Should not exceed 150 mg PE/minute; If given faster, hypotension and arrhythmias may occur; Dose related to toxicity (Nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia)

fosphenytoin notes

Prodrug of phenytoin

phenytoin dosing

IV should not exceed 50 mg/min

levetiracetam warning

Psychiatric reactions including psychosis, somnolence, fatigue

phenobarbital warnings

Habit-forming, respiratory depression, fetal harm

phenobarbital side effects

Physiological dependence, tolerance, residual sedation (hangover effect)

lacosamide warnings

Prolonged PR interval and increased risk of arrhythmias