Pain Neuro Lecture 10: Placebo

The placebo effect accounts for what percent of therapeutic gain for chronic migraine prevention?

75%

What causes placebo effects?

Endogenous release of substances

What change could attenuate placebo effects?

Violation of expectation

What is recruited from the violation of expectation?

Neural pain modulation mechanisms

How does observational learning alter pain?

Engaging pain-related and social-cognitive network

What does the placebo effect depend on?

Predictive coding processes at neural level

What type of pain reduces the magnitude of placebo effects?

Chronic pain

Which sex has reduced magnitude of placebo effects?

Male

How does being socially and economically distressed affect the magnitude of placebo effects?

Decreases

What aspect of pain does the brain aging gap mediate?

Pain severity

Does brain aging mediate placebo effects?

No

What psychological behavior could reduce the magnitude of placebo effects?

Catastrophizing

What is the risk of using an inert placebo?

Greater risk of unblinding

What is the technique used to prevent unblinding?

Active placebo

What three strategies could reduce the placebo effect?

1. Open label

2. Dose ranging

3. Measure expectations

Does overt or covert drug administration cause less pain?

Overt

What is framing side effect information done for?

Minimize nocebo effects