Art 201A Exam 1

Psychostasis / Judgement of Hunefer Before Osiris

Time period: Late Egyptian art period - 19th Dynasty

-Osiris (God of underworld).

-Sun god has 2 sisters Isis and Nephthys, marries Isis.

-Jealous brother (Seth hippopotamus) cuts him up and scatters his remains.

-falcon, and Anubis (god of embalming) help find body parts

-horus battles seth, kills seth, and horus becomes earthly god

-green = dead, embalmed 

-goddesses are depicted a little lighter

-Thoth stays consist (god of record keeping)

-Maat (cat or feather) goddess of truth and justice

-Besset - cat, protector of followers of RAA (sun god)

-sun circle disk above head - contribute to sun god

-amnit (looks like a lamassu) crocodile head, lion body, hippo butt 

• eater of the dead

-Believed the afterlife was like earth.

Temple of Ramses ll

Time period: New Kingdom - 19th Dynasty

Media: limestone carving

• carved out of stone 

• 4 very large ramses

• Rahh sun did in middle with Horus

• on each side of leg was his wife (Nefatari), in between his leg was Raa

• figures on top are baboons, represented rising sun, tribute to Raa

• entryway was very elaborate, wife was not as elaborate

• Tomb was looted quickly.

Funetary Mask of Tutanklamun

Time period: Middle Kingdom - 18th Dynasty

Media: gold, lapis lazuli

• His tomb wasn’t looted and found by a british man.

• Unhappy and unhealthy throughout his life (clubfoot, overbite, inbreeding).

• Ruled little over 10 years.

• He died from hippo hunt

• general is fighting 100 miles away, and priest rushed mummification - he was damaged 

  • priest possibly took items from other tombs, and had things engraved tut over other names, so that priest could become ruler

  • nobody liked him - end of 18th dynasty

• Tut and his wife tomb wall -> style looks just like his fathers
  
  

Akhenaten and his family

Time period: Middle Kingdom - 18th Dynasty

Media: sunken relief

• Him and his wife Nefertiti are holding their children.

• still using Heirarichal scale 

• wanted to be seen as human and caring 

• Sun god showering sun rays like a blessing to them (end are ankhs).

Queen Nefertiti making an offering to Isis

Time period: 19th Dynasty

• 19th dynasty is the strongest, afterwards not so much.

• Isis, sister, and wife.

• Hathor seated and holding antiquity and ankh, wearing sun disk and headdress.

• Afterlife belief shifted, believed now you had to be judged before going to the afterlife.

 Colossal Figure of Akhenaten

Time period: New Kingdom / Armana period

Media: Pillar statue

• firm believer in the Sun God, Raa

• Akhenaten changes religion, culture, and how artworks depcited rulers.

• he looked human, while others were not and looked Godly

• faced the city, to make him and sun god the focus

• took the priest out of power

Narmer Palette

Time period: Pre-Dynastic

Media: shist (green stone) carvi

• Representation of Narmer depicted the tallest, wearing crown of upper Egypt at time.

• Symbols highly engraved in their lives/tombs.

  • TOP - cow god of protection named harthor, his name in hieroglyphics

  • middle : huge one is also him, the bowling pin is crown of upper egypt, getting ready to behead man

  • horus (falcon) sitting on symbols of papyrus (symbol of lower egypt)

  • Opposing army at the bottom

• Narmer takes control of lower, then upper Egypt.

• Upper and lower Egypt was ruled by 2 people before him, he combined both.

• Not much was known about him

• Pre-dynastic era.

• Made of pigment, more ceremonial

• Pigment was needed for dyes, makeup (used to prevent eye infections).

• Palettes were common.

Hatshepsut Kneeling

Time period: 18th Dynasty

• 2 sculptures found in mortuary complex.

• Wore male ruler attire to be seen as powerful.

  • wearing false beard, headdress, kilted skirt, was wearing this in public 

• Holding offering jars.

• Rules 12-15 years

• her stepson comes into power when she dies, despises her and tries to erase existence of her

  • on tomb wall, her name and figure was chipped from wall 

• her tomb was moved in an attempt to protect her

Butcher

Time period: 5th Dynasty / Old Kingdom

Media: limestone

• normal everyday

• realistic looking

• Emphasized it was more important for rulers to not look human

• Found in a tomb of scribe

Seated Scribe

Time period: 5th Dynasty / Old Kingdom

Media: limestone

• normal everyday, made of limestone, realistic looking

• it was more important for rulers to not look human

• Found in a tomb of scribe

Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

Time period: 18th Dynasty / New Kingdom

Media: 

• she was deemed ruler, well liked, and presented in a male persona

• dedicated temple to her, Amun, Tutmos (father), Raah sun god and other gods

• 3 entrances/walkways

• becomes known as valley of kings and queens, and majority buried here

• Anubis (jackal embalming god) and Hathor (cow headed god of protection)

Khafre

Time period: Old kingdom / 4th Dynasty

Media: Diorite imported from Africa

• Diorite statue of Khafre (Chephren) from Giza 

  • rulers were made to look immortal or less realistic

  • The side of the chair has lotus (upper) and papyrus (lower Egypt)

  • wearing headdress symbol of Ocyrus 

  • The back of his head and neck has HORUS - protecting Khafre from evil

  • wasn't painted because stone was pretty, imported from Africa 

Great Sphinx, Funerary Complex of Khafre

Time period: Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty

The Pyramids of Giza, from left to right

Media: limestone

• 3 pyramids of Kings.

• Grandfather-Khufu (biggest)

• Father-Khafre (middle)

• Son-Menkure (Smallest)

• Temples surrounding them of family members

• Long walkway to Nile river.

• Pyramids were basically giant headstones (tombs were underneath).