Vertebrates
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Last updated 11:49 PM on 10/27/22
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32 Terms
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Marsupials
________: give birth to live young early in development, so the young stay in a pouch (EX: kangaroos & koalas)
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Placental mammals
________: have longer pregnancies & complex placentas.
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Monotremes
________: lack nipples but produce milk & lay eggs (EX: platypus & echidna)
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placental mammals
have longer pregnancies & complex placentas
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Common Ancestor of all chordates evolved
530 MYA
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Tunicates do not have
Vertebrae
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Hagfishes and Lampreys do not have
Hinged jaws
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Cartilaginous Fishes do not have
Lungs
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Bony fishes do not have
Limbs w/ digits
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Amphibians do not have
Amniotic eggs
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Reptiles do not have
Milk and hair
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Hagfishes & Lampreys
ancient eel like fish without jaws or a backbone, but do have vertebrae
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Cartilaginous Fishes EX
sharks & rays
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Cartilaginous Fishes Traits
- skeletons composed of cartilage
- no swim bladders
- no swim bladders
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Bony Fishes Traits
- have ossified skeletons
- have swim bladders
- have swim bladders
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3 Clades of bony fishes
1. ray-finned fishes
2. lobe-finned fishes
3. lung fishes
2. lobe-finned fishes
3. lung fishes
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Ray finned fishes are the..
most diverse vertebrae clade (27k species)
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The third lineage of lobefins
gave rise to the land vertebrates
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Amphibians EX
Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
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Amphibians Traits
- live on land and water
- most have poisonous skin
- 6,150 species (most frogs)
- most have poisonous skin
- 6,150 species (most frogs)
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Reptiles Traits
- lays shelled eggs on land
- amniotic fluid within egg keeps it from drying out
- scales protect against drying out
- amniotic fluid within egg keeps it from drying out
- scales protect against drying out
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Ectothermic Reptiles EX
Snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodilians
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Endothermic Reptiles EX
birds
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birds traits
- 10k species
- extant dinosaurs
- extant dinosaurs
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Mammals EX
rodents, cats, ungulates, primates, whales
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Mammals traits
- produce milk in mammary glands
- hair (shared ancestral trait)
- highly efficient circulatory systems
- kidneys (helps conserve water)
- hair (shared ancestral trait)
- highly efficient circulatory systems
- kidneys (helps conserve water)
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Monotreme
Lack nipples but produce milk & lay eggs
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Monotreme EX
platypus & echidnas
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Marsupials
Give birth to live young early in development, so the young stay in a pouch
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Marsupials EX
kangaroos & koalas
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Placental Mammals
have longer pregnancies & complex placentas
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Placental Mammal Traits
- diversified 60-100 MYA
- 5,010 species of placental mammals
- 5,010 species of placental mammals