honors history 10 unit one and 2 test

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America, founded 1607 in Virginia.

Struggled to survive the winter

Tobacco was the colony’s major cash crop and they created joint stock companies

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Founded by pilgrims in 1620

Search for religious freedom/liberty

Suffered hunger, disease, and cold weather

Massachusetts bay

Led by John Winthrop

New England colony

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

New England colonies info

Founded in the 1630s; had a charter government, except new Hampshire which was royal

Built its economy through fishing, ships, and trade; was puritan and had religious communities

Middle colonies

New York , New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Middle colonies info

Founded in the 1600s NY & NJ royal colony; PA & DE proprietary colonies; economy grew through farming, trade and manufacturing, they had more religious diversity

Southern colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Southern colonies info

Founded in the 1600s-1700s; md was a proprietary colony while the other 4 were royal colonies; economy grew through tobacco, rice, indigo, livestock; was a plantation society/slavery

Difference with southern colony

Southern colonies relied heavily on plantation agriculture and enslaved labor

Puritan ideology

English Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England, they believed in predestination, the covenant

Mercantilism

An economic philosophy that focused on a country having more exports than imports with the goal of making the mother country wealthier

Statutory neglect

Britain loosely enforcing its colonial trade laws on the 13 colonies before the French and Indian war; the effect was that colonists became accustomed to governing themselves

Bacon’s rebellion

A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the government of Virginia; was a rebellion against rich plantation owners

This contributed to the use of enslaved Africans

Indentured servants and slavery

Indentured servants worked for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation and other benefits; enslaved people were forced into life long labor and were treated as property under colonial law

Great awakening

Religious revivals that stressed pietism/ being one with god; encouraged people to question traditional and religious authority

Enlightenment

Emphasized reason, science, natural rights, and individual liberty. Influenced American political ideas

French and Indian war

1754-1763

Britain and the colonies fought France and its Native American allies for control of North America.

Effects: Britain won; gained territory then went into debt then began taxing colonies more heavily which led to colonial resistance

Sugar act

George Greenville British prime minister was tasked with paying back britains debt after war; decided to tax sugar/molasses

Quartering act

Required colonists to provide housing and food for British soldiers

Stamp act

Tax put on printed materials such as newspapers and legal documents

Colonial response

No taxation without representation

Sons of liberty

Underground organization that fought against British taxation

Declaratory act

Act that said the government still has the right to tax colonies of they wanted to

Albany congress meeting

Meeting of colonial leaders with native Americans during the early stages of the war this was the first time colonies tried to work together.

Boston masscare

In 1770 British soldiers fired on colonists during a confrontation in Boston, killing five colonists

Importance was. That patriots used it as propaganda against Britain.

Boston tea party

In 1773 colonists protested the tea act by dumping British tea into the Boston harbor THE. BRITISH RESPONDED BY PASSING THE INTOLERABLE/COERCIVE ACTS

Tea act

Act that decreased the prices of tea to help English merchants compete with the prices of smuggled tea

Intolerable/Coercive acts

4 acts passed to punish Massachusetts after the Boston tea party; decreased the power of the Massachusetts legislature(became royal colony)

Patriots

Wanted independence from Britain; believed British policies violated their rights

Loyalists

Wanted to remain loyal to Britain;feared the consequences of revolution

Declaration of independence

1776 written by Thomas Jefferson; natural rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Government gets power form the people, and people can replace a government that violates their rights (enlightenment ideals)

Articles of confederation

Americas first national government which ended up being too weak. It couldn’t effectively tax, regulate trade, enforce law, and maintain a strong military(they used militias)

No Supreme Court or president

Northwest ordinance

Created a process for territories to become states

Virginia plan

Representation based on POPULATION

Create a strong national government with three distinct branches—legislative, executive, and judicial

New Jersey plan

Keep the core structure of the older Articles of Confederation while giving Congress a bit more power to tax and regulate trade.

Three fifths compromise

Used to determine the representation and taxation, enslaved people were counted as three fifths of a person

Checks and balances

The constitution divided the government into 3 branches to limit one another

Legislative

Makes the laws

Executive

Enforces the law

Judicial

Interprets the law