GE-Understanding the Self

Summative test

Socrates

The first philosopher to question the self— believes that every person consists of body and soul.

Body

According to Socrates, this part of a person is imperfect and temporary.

Soul

According to Socrates, this part of a person is perfect and permanent and is the most important.

Plato

He was a student of Socrates and believes that souls consists of 3 parts.

Rational Soul

This is the highest and most important soul, responsible for reason and intellect,

makes wise and logical decisions.

Spirited Soul

This soul is responsible for emotions and supports what reason knows to be right.

Appetitive Soul

This soul is responsible for desires and pleasures.

St. Augustine

He believes that human beings have a divided nature: body and soul.

Body

According to St. Augustine, this nature belongs to the earthly, imperfect world and is bound to die.

Soul

According to St. Augustine, this nature can reach immortality and live eternally with God.

Thomas Aquinas

His belief is built on Christian thought and Aristotle, and according to him humans are made up of two parts: matter and form.

Matter

According to Thomas Aquinas, this the physical body/ common stuff of the universe.

Form

According to Thomas Aquinas, this the essence— what makes something what it is.

Rene Descartes

He argued that the only thing that can’t be doubted is the existence of self and the very act of it is a proof that a thinker exists. He also claimed that the self is a combination of 2 distinct entities: cogito and extenza.

Cogito

According to Rene Descartes, this is the thing that thinks— the mind.

Extenza

According to Rene Descartes, this is the “extension” of the mind, the body.

I think, therefore I am

“Cogito ergo sum” Is a famous line of Rene Descartes that means?

David Hume

He believes that there is no permanent self, but changing experiences that make us

 who we are.

Impressions

According David Hume, this is the direct and vivid experiences we encounter. (ex. what you feel when you touch something hot)

Ideas

According David Hume, this is the weaker mental copies of impressions. (ex. remembering that heat after touching something hot)

Bundle of Perceptions

According to David Hume, our identity is made up of different experiences, impression, and ideas that are constantly changing. It is a…?

 

Immanuel Kant

He believes that the self is the thinking mind that organizes experience, connects memories, and uses reason to understand the world.

Gilbert Ryle

According to this philosopher, our actions don't just reflect who we are — in a real sense, our actions are who we are.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

According to him, you don't have a body — you are your body.

George Herbert Mead

According to him, the mind and the body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.

Social Self Theory

This theory said that the sense of self is developed through social interactions.

Me

This part of the self is the socialize self that reflects society norms and expectations.

I

This part of the self is the spontaneous and impulsive side of the self.

Lev Vygotsky

He proposed the Sociocultural Theory.

Sociocultural Theory

This theory implies that the cognitive development and learning are driven by social interaction, culture, and language.

Family

The first social group a person belongs to and is considered the most important in shaping the self.

Moi

This is the personal identity that remains within you, according to Marcel Mauss.

Personne

This is the social role you play in the society.

Biological Self

This is what we are born with.

Gender Identity

This is  deeply felt, internal, and psychological sense of who we are.

Cisgender

Internal identity matches the biological self.

Transgender

Internal self does not match their physical body.

Gender Expression

How we present your gender to the world; clothing, hairstyle, etc.

Androgenous

It is a mix of both masculine and feminine expression.

Sexual Orientation

Who we love or attracted to.

Homosexual

Attracted to the same gender.

Asexual

Not attracted to any gender.

Sigmund Freud

He is the founder of Psychodynamic Perspective that views personality and the self as a product of hidden unconscious drives and early childhood experiences.

Conscious

This is the thoughts and feelings we are actively aware of.

Subconscious

This is the  memories and emotions we can easily recall.

Unconscious

This is the deeply hidden desires, fears, traumas and memories that influences our

actions.

Pleasure Principle

What principle is also known as The Id.

Moral Principle

A principle that focuses in conscience, also known as The Superego.

Reality Principle

This Principle balances Pleasure and Moral Principle when in conflict with each other— also known as The Ego.

Repression

This forces painful memories to the unconscious.

Denial

This coping mechanism refuses to accept reality.

Private Self

This self awareness is the internal thought/feeling.

Public Self

This type of self awareness is the image presented to others.

Actual Self, Ideal Self, and Ought Self

What are Higgins’ type of self?

Congruence

This is when actual self matches our ideal self.

Self-Consciousness

This is when we think about ourselves.

Self-Schema

This is the knowledge about who we are.

Downward Comparison and Upward Comparison

What are the Social Comparison Theory?

Self-Actualization

According to Abraham Maslow, we have a drive to become our best version. This is…?

Erogenous Zones

These are pleasure-sensitive body areas tied to each psychosexual stage.

Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage, and Genital Stage

What are the 5 Psychosexual Theory of Sigmund Freud?

Oedipus Complex

This is when a boy prefers his mother more than his father. (Castration Anxiety )

Electra Complex

This is when a girl prefers her father more than her mother. (Penis Envy)

Confucianism

System of ethics devised by a Chinese scholar K’ung Fu-tzu/ Kung Qiu

Self- Cultivation/ Self- Realization

This is the ultimate purpose in life.

LI

self-restraint

CHENG

devotion to good

XIAO

family over society

YI

righteousness

XIN

honesty

JEN

The most important principle of Chun Tzu, being kind and humane.

CHUNG

loyalty

Taoism

This emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (the way). Teaches people to follow the natural order of the universe.

Laozi

This is the author who created the foundation text of Taoism.

Tao Te Ching (81 chapters)

This is the the foundation text of Taoism.

Living in harmony with the Tao, Wu Wei (non- action), Simplicity and Humility, Balance, and Inner peace and wisdom

What are the 5 key teaching of Taoism?

Buddhism

A religion which teaches people that suffering is part of life.

Siddhartha Gautama ( the Buddha)

The founder of Buddhism is…?

Anatta

This means no self or no “permanent” self.

Form, Feeling, Perception, Mental Formation, and Consciousness

What are the 5 aggregates?

Dukkha

This noble truth means life involves suffering.

Samudaya

This noble truth means suffering is caused by desire and attachment.

Nirodha

This noble truth means suffering can end.

Magga

This noble truth means the way to end suffering.

Right view, Right intention, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, and Right concentration

What are the Noble Eightfold Path?

Nirvana

This is the ultimate state of peace, according to Buddhism.