Chapter 4: Inside the Cell - Biology Honors Practice Test

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cell organelles, cellular organization, and eukaryotic versus prokaryotic structures from the Chapter 4 Practice Test.

Mitochondrion

An organelle that transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP; the site of cellular respiration.

Endoplasmic reticulum

A system of connected channels that transports materials through the cell.

Cell membrane

A fluid structure composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Ribosome

The organelle that organizes and carries out protein synthesis, differing from other organelles by not being membrane-bound.

Cell

The basic unit of life and the smallest unit capable of carrying out all the processes of life.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell.

Nucleus

The cellular control center that stores DNA, contains chromatin, and synthesizes RNA.

Lysosome

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances.

Tissue

A group of related cells that work together to carry out a specific function.

Surface area

The primary factor that limits the maximum size to which a cell may grow.

Microscope

The technological development that was linked most directly with the discovery of cells.

Microfilaments and microtubules

Cytoskeletal structures that function in maintaining cell structure and facilitating cell movement.

Structural hierarchy of living things

The organizational order from simplest to most complex: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.

Organ

A structure composed of different tissues integrated to perform specific functions, exemplified by the stomach.

Cilia

Short, hairlike organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the human respiratory tract.

Flagella

Long, hairlike structures that provide cellular movement in organisms such as bacteria.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound organelle that functions primarily in storage.

Prokaryote

A single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells but not animal cells that serves as the site of photosynthesis.

Cell wall

A rigid outer layer surrounding the plasma membrane found in plant and bacterial cells, but absent in animal cells.

Central vacuole

A prominent, large organelle present in plant cells that stores water and nutrients, which is not found in animal cells.

Nucleolus

The dense sub-region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.

Chromatin

The relaxed form of genetic material (DNA and associated proteins) housed inside the nucleus.