chapter 5

what movement type is scapulohumeral

spheroidal/ ball and socket

what movement is sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular

plane and gliding

what is another term for the mid area of the costal surface of the scapula

subscapular fossa

what is the degree for an oblique proximal humerus

45 degrees

what projection do you include both shoulder and elbow joints

AP humerus projection

axilla is also referred to as

armpit

scapula covers about how many ribs

five

whos clavicular are more thick and curvy

male

the back of the hand is placed on your leg for what projection

lateral projection

how many projections are for the humerus

two

what shows the glenoid cavity

grashey method

what patients have a greater angle to get under there clavicular

thin patients

what is the largest and longest bone of the upper extremities

humerus

what is the most proximal part of the humerus

rounded head

the slightly constricted area directly below and lateral to the head of the humerus is the

anatomic neck

the process directly below the anatomical neck on the anterior surface of the humerus is the

lesser tubercle

the larger lateral process is the _________ to which the pectoral’s major and supraspinatus muscles attach

greater tubercle

the deep groove between the greater and lesser tubercle is the

intertuberculer sulcus

the tapered area below the head and tubercles is the

surgical neck

why do they call it the surgical neck

because it is the site of frequent fractures requiring surgery

what is the roughened raised triangular elevation along the anterolateral surface of the body (shaft) to which the deltoid muscle is attached

deltoid tuberosity

the lesser tubercle is located _______ in a true AP projection

anteriorly

the greater tubercle is located ______ in a true AP projection

laterally

the shoulder gridle consists of two bones:

the clavicle and the scapula

the function of the clavicle and scapula is to

connect each upper limb to the truck or axial skeleton

the upper margin of the scapula is at the level of the ______ posterior rib

second

the lower margin of the scapula is at the level of the _________ posterior rib

seventh

the lateral acrominal extremity of the clavicle articulates with the

acromion of the scapula

the medial or sternal extremity articulates with the manubrium, which is the

upper part of the sternum

the lateral angle is sometimes called the what of the scapula

head

the humeral head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the

scapulohumeral joint

the scapulohumeral joint is also called the

glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint

the constricted area between the head and the body of the scapula is the

neck

the body (blade) of the scapula is arched for

greater strength

the thin, flat lower part of the body of the scapula is sometimes referred to as the

wing or ala

the middle area of the costal surface presents a large concavity or depression known as the

subscapular fossa

what is the long, curved process that extends laterally over the head of the humerus

acromion

what is a thick beaklike process that projects anteriorly beneath the clavicle

coracoid process

what is the notch on the superior border that is partially formed by the base of the coracoid process

suprascapular notch

the elevated spine of the scapula starts at the vertebral border as a smooth triangular area and continues laterally to the end at the

acromion

the posterior border or ridge of the spine is thickened and is termed the ____ of the spine

crest

the spine separates the posterior surface of the scapula into the

infraspinous fossa and a supraspinous fossa

the coracoid process is located more anteriorly in relation to the _______ in lateral view

glenoid cavity or shoulder joint

the three joints that articulate with the shoulder gridle are

sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and scapulohumeral joint

the three shoulder gridle joints are also classified as ______ joints are characterized by a fibrous capsule that contains synovial fluid

synovial

the mobility type of all these joints is freely moveable, or

diarthrodial

the glenoid cavity is ______, allowing the greatest freedom in mobility of any joint in the human body but at some expense to its strength and stability

shallow

the _____________ is a double plane, or gliding, joint because the sternal end of the clavicles articulates with the manubrium or upper portion of the sternum and the cartilage of the first rib

sternoclavicular joint

what is a small synovial joint of the plane, or gliding, movement type between the acromial end of the clavicle and the medial aspects of the acromion of the scapula

acromioclavicular joint

what is the primary movement of the acromioclavicular joint

gliding

on the external rotation radiograph, the greater tubercle, which is located anteriorly in a neutral position, is now seen _____ in profile

laterally

the lesser tubercle is located ________, in a external rotation, just medial to the greater tubercle

anteriorly

for the internal rotation position the humerus is in a

true lateral position

during internal rotation the lesser tubercle is seen in profile _____

medially

you would use a boomerang filter for a AP projection of the shoulder and scapula because of

the increased shoulder thickness

what is a boomerang filter

a curved, patient-contact compensating filter used in x-ray imaging to balance out uneven tissue densities and prevent overexposure of thin peripheral body parts

Arthography sometimes is used to image soft tissue pathologies such as rotator cuff tears associated with the shoulder gridle

true

AC joint seperation refers to

trauma to the upper shoulder region resulting in a partial or complete tear of the AC or coracoclavicular ligaments

currently there are ____ classifications of AC joint separation, ranging from a sprain to a complete separation of the distal clavicle from acrominon as a result of ligament tears

six

what is a injury of the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum

bankart lesion

what is a inflammation of the bursae, or fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joints

bursitis

what is a compression fracture of the articular surface of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head that is often associated with an anterior dislocation of the humeral head

hill-sacks defect

what is a disability of the shoulder joint that is caused by chronic inflammation in and around the joint

idiopathic chromic adhesive capsulitis

what is impingement of the greater tuberosity and soft tissues on the coracoacrominal ligamentous and osseous arch, generally during abduction of the arm

impingement syndrome

_______, also called degenerative joint disease, is a noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation

osteoarthritis

what is a acute or a chronic traumatic injury to one or more of the rotator cuff muscles

rotator cuff tear

all of the joints of the shoulder girdle are classified as being

synovial

how much (at what angle) should the affected arm be abducted from the body for a shoulder projection

90 degrees

the use of a grid is not required for shoulder studies that measure less than 4 inches

true

shoulder projections are best performed when erect if possible

true

what kVp range should be used for a shoulder series on an average adult using a grid

80-90 kVp

what device permits good visualization of soft-tissue and bony anatomy for adults shoulder radiography

boomerang compensating filter

if physical immobilization is required, which individual should be asked to restrain a child for a shoulder series

parent or gardian

it is recommended to perform shoulder positions on bariatric patients in the erect position when possible

true

CT atthrography of the shoulder joint often requires the use of iodinated contrast media injected into the joint space

true

magnetic resonance imaging can be used to evaluate soft tissue injuries

true

nuclear medicine scans can demonstrate signs of osteomyelitis and cellulitis

true

radiography is more sensitive than nuclear medicine for demonstrating physiologic aspects of the shoulder gridle

false

diagnostic medial sonography can provide a functional (dynamic) evaluation of joint movement that MR cannot

true

compression between the greater tuberosity and soft tissues on the coracoacromial ligamentous and osseous arch is

impingement syndrome

injury of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum is

bankart lesions

inflammatory condition of the tendon is

tendonitis

superior displacement of the distal clavicles are

acromioclavicular joint dislocation

compression fracture of the articular surface of the umbral head is the

hill-sacks defect

traumatic injury to one or more of the supportive muscles of the shoulder gridle is

rotator cuff tear

atrophy of skeletal tissue is

osteoporosis

what clinical indications requires a decrease in manual exposure factors

osteoporosis

the shoulder is the most common joint to develop bursitis due to repetitive motion

true

rheumatoid arthritis is more prevalent in men over women

false

the most common injury to the rotator cuff is to the _____ tendon

supraspinatus

what two shoulder projections are taken routinely for a shoulder and proximal humerus

ap external and ap internal projections

where is the central ray placed for an AP projection of the shoulder

central is perpendicular to the IR, directed to 1 inch inferior to coracoid process

which lateral projection can be performed to demonstrate the entire humerus for a patient with a midhumeral fracture

transthoracic lateral projection for humerus

to best demonstrate a possible hill-sachs defect, which additional positioning technique can be added to the inferorsuperrior axial (Lawerence method) projection

rotate affected arm externally approximately 45 degrees

what type of central ray angulation is required for the inferosuperior axial projection (Lawerence method) for the shoulder

25-30 degrees medially

the ___________ projection of the shoulder produces an image of the glenoid process in profile. This projection is also referred to as the grashed method

anterior oblique

what projection produces a tangential projection of the inter-tubercular sulcus (groove)

fisk modification

the CR for the super inferior transaxiallary projection is directed ________________________

perpendicular to the glenoid cavity

what projection is best for demonstrating a possible dislocation of the proximal humerus

posterior oblique ( scapular y) projection

the _______ projection is the special projection of the shoulder that best demonstrates the acrominohumeral spaces for possible subacromial spurs, which create shoulder impingement symptoms

tangential