Important Grammar (Flash Card Mode)

How long has this been going on? How long has it been? Respond:

hace + period of time + que + present tense

When you are the one asking how long has this been going on? how long has it been?

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que _____?

To say ago:

hace + period of time + que + preterite tense

Ago with verb first:

Preterite tense + hace + period of time

Imperfect

W-weather

A-age

T-time/date

E-emotions

R-repeated/ongoing

S-setting scene

Preterite

B-beginning/end

A-arrival/departure

S-specific time

I-interrupting action

C-completed action

S-series of completed events

el pluscuamperfecto

Used to express if someone has already done something using: haber (imperfect) + past participle verb

Past Participle for pluscuamperfecto (ado, ido)

Cantar —→ Cantado, Conocer —→ Conocido, Sugerir —→ sugerido

Iregulars

GO to other knowt for that

Object pronouns in pluscamperfecto:

Go before haber

Relative Pronouns:

link parts of sentences together

Que (people/things):

that, which, who, whom

Prepositions:

a (to, at, by), con (with), de (of, from), en (in, on, at)

After prepositons:

que refers to things, quien(es) refers to people

 el que, la que, los que, or las que

distinguish one subject from a group: De todos los fotógrafos, Jaime es el que saca las mejores fotos.

 cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas

when you want to say “whose”: La chica, cuyo nombre es Ana, salió de la cárcel.

 lo que

refer to a situation, action, or object not yet identified: Julia no entiende lo que le dicen.