200 STUDY GUIDE - Chapter 3 (5) - Cultural Business

Culture

Complex portrait of a specific group’s values, beliefs, rules, and instituitions.

Ehtnocentricity

Belief that one’s culture is superior

Subcultures

Unique ways of life within a dominant culture that can span across national borders.

Values

Emotionally attached ideas that dictate work ethic and resist foreign cultural influx

Attitudes

Attitudes reflect a people’s underlying values. Attitudes are positive or negative feelings and tendencies that individuals have toward objects or concepts.

Primary group

Small group of people who share close personal relationships that form early in life and endure through time.

Secondary group

Secondary groups typically develop later in life and are established to achieve a specific goal, such as a company project team.

Collectivism

Prioritize group concerns—reward teams and avoid singling out individuals for public criticism. (Asia, Latin America)

Individualism

Reward personal achievement (North America, Europe)

Caste System

Birth dictates ranking with little mobility.

Hofstede

An analytical model developed to differentiate and measure national cultures based on core values and workplace behaviors.

Class System

Personal ability determines status

The six dimensions of the Hofstede framework

Individualism vs. collectivism

Power distance

Masculinity versus femininity

Uncertainty avoidance: how much a culture relies on strict rules to minimise ambiguity

Long-term orientation: A society's time perspective, contrasting cultures that value long-term rewards with those focused on immediate stability and fulfilling social obligations.

Indulgence versus restraint: The extent to which a society allows free expression versus suppressing gratification through strict social norms.