Rad test 1 with pictures

6 uses of radiographs

1. Detection of diseases, lesions, and conditions of the teeth and bones that cannot be identified clinically

2. Early caries, cysts, tumors, pagets disease

3. Confirming suspected diseases

4. Truama, caries and periodontal disease

5. Assissting in the localization of lesions and foreign objects

6. Cysts, tumors, and salivary stones

Info found on radiographs

-missing teeth

-extra teeth

-impacted teeth

-dental caries

-periodontal disease

-tooth abnormalities

-retained roots

-cysts and tumors

Under exposed

too light, not dense enough

Overexposed

Too dark, too dense

3 techniques

Bite wing, paralleling, bisecting

Unexposed receptor

Clear, failure to turn on X-ray machine, electrical failure, malfunction

Make sure machine is turned on

Overexposed film

Appears dark, excessive exposure

Check settings on X-ray machine

Underexposed receptor

Too light, receptor underexposed

Check settings on X-ray machine

Abcesence of Apical structures

No apices, not positioned in patients mouth to cover apical regions

No more than 1/8th inch of receptor beyond occlusal surface

Dropped receptor corner

Occlusal plane appears tipped, edge of receptor not placed parallel

Set receptor parallel to incisal or occlusal surface

Incorrect horizontal angulation

Overlapped contacts, central ray not directed through Interproximal spaces

Direct beam through Interproximal space

Incorrect Vertical Angulation-Forshortened images

short teeth with blunted roots, excessive vertical angulation

Do not use excessive vertical angulation

Incorrect Vertical Angulation-elongated images

Long, distorted teeth, vertical angulation was insufficient

Adequate vertical angulation

Incorrect receptor placement- premolar bite wing

Distal surface of canines not visible, receptor too posterior

Anterior edge of bite wing positioned at midline of mandibular canine

Incorrect vertical angulation

Appear distorted, vertical angulation was incorrect

+10 degree vertical angulation with bite wings

Incorrect receptor placement- molar bite wing

Third molar region not visible, bite wing too far anterior

Position at midline of Mandibular second premolar

Film bending

Appear stretched and distorted, film was bent excessively

Check film placement before exposure

Film creasing

Thin radiolucent line, film was creased

Do not bend or crease film

Phalangioma

Patients finger in front of receptor

Finger should be placed behind receptor

Double exposure

Double image appears, receptor was exposed twice

Separate exposed and unexposed receptors

Movement

Blurred images, patient moved

Instruct patient to remain still

Wired Cable Issues

Radiopaque outline, cable was between sensor and radiation source

Make sure cable is out of the way

Who regulates X-ray equipment

Federal

PID is extension of___

Tube head

Tube head is connected to ___

Extension arm

Extension arm does what

Allows movement of tube head

Beam alignment device

XCP

Infection control is important because diseases can be transferred

Patient to patient, patient to clinician, clinician to patient

Pathogen

Microorganisms that cause disease

Critical instrument

Item used to penetrate soft tissue or bone

Looking for light leak in dark room

Turn off lights and close door

Periapical

Radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures

Bisecting and bite wing for what image

PA

Extraoral

Panoramic

Digital imaging uses

Computer and sensor

Exposure times are __ less than conventional film

50-90%

Do you use a different tube head for digital

No

For the paralleling teaching the receptor is placed__ to long axis

Parallel

For the paralleling technique the central ray is placed __ to the long axis

Perpendicular

How is receptor placed with Tori

On opposite side

Size 0

Primary dentition

Size 2

Permanent dentition

Size 3

Don't recommend

Size 1

Mixed dentition bite wing anteriors

What size receptor can be placed horizontal or vertical

Size 2

35 year old with clinical attachment loss use what bite wing positioned

Vertical bite wing

Teeth shown in molar bite wing

Half of 2nd premolar and back

What happens when target receptor increases

Image magnification decreases

Teeth shown in premolar bite wing

1/2 or 1/3 of canine

Images are ___ in patient care

Necessary

Images are needed for

Disease detection

Dental images benefits ___ radiation

Far outweigh

rule of isometry

two triangles are equal if they have two equal angles and share a common side

Receptor should be placed

As close to lingual surface

In bisect technique which angle is bisected

Angle formed by receptor and long axis

Ghost image appears

Higher and on opposite side

Lips not closed on pano

Radiolucent on anterior teeth

Reverse smile line caused by

Chin up

Teeth skinny

Too anterior, far forward

What degree is central ray to the imaginary bisector

90

What happens when patient closes lips during radiograph

Anteriors are radiolucent

What happens if chin is too low

Exaggerated smile line