Art History Quiz 4

The Spread of the Islamic Caliphate

Arabia to Spain and Central • c. 622–750 CE Asia

Qibla

the direction Muslims face to pray, toward the Ka'ba in

Mecca.

The Ka'ba, al-Haram Mosque, Mecca

Mecca, Saudi Arabia • pre-Islamic shrine

Mihrab

a prayer niche, usually concave in shape with an arched

top, located in the qibla wall of a mosque and indicating

the direction of Mecca.

The Dome of the Rock

Jerusalem — Umayyad period

• c. 691–92 CE

Minaret

a tower at a mosque; can be used to give the call to prayer

and also functions as a visible marker of the mosque on the

skyline.

The Dome of the Rock

(Cross-Section)

Jerusalem — Umayyad period • c. 691–92 CE

Qibla wall

the wall in a mosque that indicates the direction toward

which Muslims face to pray, usually indicated by the

presence of a mihrab

The Dome of the Rock (Interior)

Jerusalem — Umayyad period • c. 691–92 CE

Minbar

a stepped pulpit from which the sermon at Friday noon

prayer is given in a mosque; usually placed directly next to

the mihrab on the qibla wall.

The Great Mosque of

Damascus

Damascus, Syria — Umayyad

period • c. 715 CE

Aniconism

opposition to visual depictions of living creatures or

religious figures.

EUROPE

Aral

Sea

The Great Mosque of Damascus

(Plan)

Damascus, Syria — Umayyad period • c. 715 CE

Pendentive

a curved triangular wall section linking dome with a

supporting vertical pier or wall.

Mosaics, West Portico, Great Mosque

of Damascus

Damascus, Syria — Umayyad period • c. 715 CE

Apse

a recess at the end of an interior space, often

semi-circular, and typically reserved for someone or

something important, such as the altar in a church or

the throne of a ruler.

Umayyad Prince, Khirbat al-Mafjar

near Jericho — Umayyad period • c. 724–44 CE

Icon

a painted or mosaic image of a holy figure, used in

prayer and devotion.

Spiral Minaret,

Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil

Samarra, Iraq — Abbasid period • 848–52 CE

Narthex

the entrance hall or vestibule of a church.

Stucco Wall Panel from a Private

House, Samarra

Samarra, Iraq — Abbasid period • c. 836–93 CE

Iconoclasm

the intentional destruction or rejection of images on

religious or political grounds.

Mihrab and Minbar, Great Mosque of

Qayrawan

Qayrawan, Tunisia — Abbasid period • 862–63 CE

Pantocrator

"ruler of all": a frontal image of Christ as universal ruler

and judge, usually placed in a dome or apse

Folio from the Blue Qur'an

Tunisia, probably Qayrawan — Abbasid • c. 850–950 CE

Folio from a Qur'an

Copied by Ibn al-Bawwab

Baghdad, Iraq — Abbasid period • 1000–1001 CE

The Byzantine Empire

Constantinople and the eastern Mediterranean

• c. 540–1450 CE

Hagia Sophia

Constantinople (Istanbul),

Turkey

• 532–37 CE

Hagia Sophia (Interior)

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey • 532–37 CE

Methods of Supporting a Dome

Church of San Vitale (Cutaway and

Plan)

Ravenna, Italy • c. 546 CE

Justinian and His Entourage

Apse mosaic, San Vitale, Ravenna • c. 546 CE

Theodora and Her Entourage

Apse mosaic, San Vitale, Ravenna • c. 546 CE

Virgin and Child with Angels and

Saints

Monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt • c. 700 CE

The Crucifixion with Iconoclasts,

Khludov Psalter

Byzantine manuscript • c. 850–75 CE

Christ as Pantocrator, Church of the

Dormition, Daphni

Daphni, Greece • c. 1090–1100 CE

The Virgin of Vladimir

Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey • c. 1131 CE

Lamentation

Nerezi, Macedonia • 1164 CE

Deësis, Hagia Sophia

South gallery, Constantinople • c. 1261 CE

Anastasis

Church of Our Savior in Chora, Constantinople

• 1316–21 CE

Purse Cover from the Sutton Hoo

Ship Burial

Suffolk, England • c. 625 CE

Cloisonné

decorative enamelwork technique in which cut

gemstones, glass, or colored enamel pastes are

separated into compartmented designs by

flattened strips of wire.

St. Matthew, from the Book of

Durrow

Durrow, County Laois, Ireland • c. 650–700 CE

Codex

a handwritten bound book

St. Matthew, from the Lindisfarne

Gospels

Lindisfarne, Northumberland, England • c. 698–721 CE

Carpet Page, from the Lindisfarne Gospels

Lindisfarne, Northumberland, England • c. 715–20 CE

Chi-Rho-Iota Page, from the Book of

Kells

Possibly Iona, Scotland • c. 750–800 CE

Muiredach Cross

Monasterboice, County Louth, Ireland

• 923 CE

The Carolingian Empire

Western Europe • 768–843 CE

Palatine Chapel (Plan), Aachen

Aachen, Germany • 792–805 CE

Palatine Chapel (Interior), Aachen

Aachen, Germany • 792–805 CE

Charlemagne's Throne, Palatine

Chapel

Aachen, Germany • chapel built 792–805 CE

Plan of an Ideal Monastery

from Reichenau, Germany • c. 816–37 CE

St. Matthew, from the Coronation

Gospels

Charlemagne's court workshop • c. 800–10 CE

Front and Back Covers of the Lindau

Gospels

Lindau, Germany; Saint-Denis, France • c. 760–890 CE

Abbey of St. Michael (Plan)

Hildesheim, Germany • 1001–31 CE

Column of Bishop Bernward

originally St. Michael's; now Hildesheim

Cathedral • c. 1000 CE

Doors of the Abbey of St. Michael

Hildesheim, Germany • 1015 CE

The Theological Program of

the Doors

Hildesheim, Germany • 1015 CE

Gero Crucifix

Cologne Cathedral, Germany • c. 970 CE

Golden Madonna of Essen

Essen, Germany • 973–82 CE

Oseberg Burial Ship

Tønsberg area, Norway • c. 815–34 CE

Prow of the Oseberg Burial

Ship

Tønsberg area, Norway • c. 815–34 CE

Stave Church of St. Andrew

Borgund, Norway • c. 1180–1250 CE

Carved Portal and Wall Reliefs,

Stave Church at Urnes

Urnes, Norway • c. 1080–1130 CE

The Americas, 600–1300 CE

North, Central, and South America • 600–1300 CE

Hieroglyph

a type of written script that uses conventionalized signs to represent concepts,

sounds, or words.

Chocolate Vessel with Palace Scene

Maya • c. 600–900 CE

Fresco

wall or ceiling painting on wet plaster (also called true or buon fresco). Wet

pigment merges with the plaster.

Presentation of Captives to Lord

Chan Muwan (Reproduction)

Bonampak, Mexico — Maya • c. 791 CE

Lintel

a horizontal support above a door or other opening.

Portrait Head of Pakal

Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico • c. 683 CE

Stele

a carved stone slab that is placed upright and often features commemorative

imagery and/or inscriptions.

Sarcophagus Lid (Detail), Tomb of

Pakal

Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico • c. 683 CE

Sarcophagus

a container for human remains.

Mosaic Funeral Mask of Pakal

Palenque, Mexico — Maya • c. 683 CE

Roof comb

lattice structure surmounting the roof of a temple; often used to support

monumental sculptur

Shield Jaguar II and Lady K'ab'al

Xook, Lintel 24

Temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico • c. 725 CE

Atlantid

monumental figural sculpture that serves to hold up a roof or other

architectural element.

Temple 1, Tikal

Tikal, Guatemala • c. 734 CE

Zoomorphic

having an animal-like form.

Central Ball Court, Copán

Copán, Honduras • completed 738 CE

Rammed-earth

building technique in which damp earth is compressed within a frame or mold,

to form a solid structure.

Great Serpent Mound

Adams County, Ohio • c. 1070 CE (dating debated)

Effigy

a sculpture or model, usually created for its symbolic and/or material value in

relation to the thing it represents.

Pipe, Adena Culture

Ohio • c. 100 BCE–100 CE

Kero

an Andean decorated drinking cup used in feasts.

Central Cahokia as It Would Have

Appeared About 1150–1200

near present-day St. Louis • c. 1150–1200 CE

Gorget

an object worn near the neck area as a costume item.

Pueblo Bonito

Chaco Canyon, New Mexico — Pueblo culture • 830–1250 CE

Seed Jar

Ancestral Puebloan • c. 1050–1250 CE

Gorget with Running Warrior

Sumner County, Tennessee • c. 1250–1350 CE

Mimbres Bowl with Two Cranes and

Geometric Motifs

New Mexico • c. 1250 CE