CRC Foundations Midterm

What are the 8 Speciality Areas of Counseling

1. Clinical Rehabilitation

2. Mental Health

3. Addiction

4. Career

5. School

6. Student Affairs

7. Marriage and Family

8. Rehabilitation

Clinical Rehabilitation Counseling

Assists persons with cognitive, physical, psychiatric, or sensory disabilities to work through a variety of mental health issues and provide treatments

Rehabilitation Counseling

Prepares those to work collaboratively with individuals with disabilities, their support systems, and environments to achieve a variety of goals

Mental Health Counseling

Works with persons across a spectrum of mental and emotional disorders

Psychiatric Disability

An ongoing and persistent mental ailment that requires consistent treatment

Soliders Rehabilitation Act of 1918

Led to the hiring of rehab counselors to aid veterans returning to civilian life

Civilian Vocational Rehab Act/Smith Fess-Act

Allowed rehab counselors to aid general civilians

Jessie B. Davis

A school administrator who pioneered vocational rehab

Frank Parsons

“Father of Counseling” who founded the vocational bureau in Boston

Clifford Beers

Advocate for better conditions of psychiatric facilities

E.G. Williamson

Developed the first comprehensive theory of counseling (1930s)

Carl Rogers

Developed persons-centered therapy

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Extended disability rights protected at state and local government services and many private entities

What does CACREP stand for?

Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs

When did the Clinical mental health profession emerge?

Late 1970s

When did CACREP merge with CORE?

2017

Physiatrist

A medical doctor who specializes in medicine and rehabilitation

Hippocrates

Founded the idea of the four fluids causing mental health (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)

Mental health in the middle ages

Focused on religious beliefs, demonic possessions causing the illness

Mental health in the Renaissance

Changes in beliefs, mental illnesses had biological factors

Mental health in Colonial America

First mental health hospital in 1752, no medicine

Benjamin Rush is the father of what?

American Psychiatry

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Provides federal employment support for those with disabilities; no discrimination against disabilities

ADA Title V:

Prohibits discrimination of employment

Undue Hardship

Significant difficulty or hardship on the employer to accommodate disability needs

Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

Allows eligible employees up to 13 weeks of unpaid leave for family or medical reasons during a 12 month period

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIPAA

Protects the identity of patients within the healthcare system

Covered Entity

A health plan, healthcare provider, or healthcare entity that transmits healthcare information electronically

Security Rule

Set standards for which covered entities must adhere to maintain confidentiality

Emil Kraeplin

Developed the first major classification system of mental illnesses

Early Interventions:

1. Insulin-coma therapy

2. Electroconvulsive Therapy

3. Lobotomy

When did deinstitutionalization begin?

the 20th century

When did pharmacology begin to be distributed

1950s

Dorathea Dix

One of the first people to advocate for welfare in mental health

Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963

Provided mental health services at local centers

What are the five CMHC services?

1. Inpatient care'

2. Outpatient services

3. Partial hospitalization

4. 24-hour emergency services

5. Consultation and education

Compulsory Education

Educational opportunities seen as the right of every citizen

What year did Boston University add the department of counselor education?

1914

Which university was the first to add courses in vocational guidance?

Harvard

_____ was the first state implement licensure in _____

Virginia; 1976

_________ was the last state to implement licensure in ____

California; 2009

Social Security Act of 1935

A basic economic safety net when people lose their income because of old age, disability, death, etc

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

An insurance benefit based on sufficient past work and payroll-tax contributions (Medicare)

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

A need based benefit for people who are aged, blind, or disabled (Medicaid)

ADA Title I:

Employment

ADA Title II:

Public Services

ADA Title III:

Public Accommodations

ADA Title IV:

Telecommunications

Mental Health Parity Act and Addiction Equity Act of 2008

Health insurance covers addiction and mental health

Beatrice Wright

Was influential in promoting the rights of people with disabilitites and advancing equality and justice

How many principles did Elizabeth Wright have?

12

Four models of disabilities

1. Moral Model

2. Medical Model

3. Social Model

4. Biopsychosocial Model

Moral Model

Views disability as a symbolic attribute of the person; spirituality; very person-blaming

When was the CRC profession established?

2016

Profession

Having a specific body of knowledge, accredited training programs, credentialed licensure, and code of ethics, and legal recognition

Smith Fess Act of 1920 (Civilian Vocational Rehab Act)

Access to vocational rehab for general civilians with disabilities

Act of 1943

Expanded on the Smith-Fess Act to include mental illness and intellectual disabilities

Provisions of the Rehabilitation act of 1973

1. Access to federal employment

2. Access to federally funded programs

3. Accessibility in buildings

4. Public transportation

5. Access to education

6. Technology

1954 Vocational Rehabilitation Act

Granted universities to train professional rehabilitation counselors

What does ICF stand for?

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

What does ICD stand for?

International Classification of Diseases

When does a disability occur for it to be developmental?

At birth or during childhood

What domains are in the ICF?

1. Body Function/Structure

2. Activities

3. Participation

4. Environmental factors

5. Personal factors

A severe and persistent mental illness is:

Prolonged and causes significant interference

A serious mental illness is:

current or over the past year, and causes serious functional impairment

Purposes of Classification

1. Services determinations

2. Funding of services

3. Research

Expressed Emotion

A measure of the relationship between two people (high levels is bad)

Medical Model

Frames disability as a problem within the body that can be addressed through a diagnosis and medical treatment

Social Model

Shifts the focus from the person to society and addresses barriers in the environment

Biopsychosocial Model

A holistic understanding of disability and guides the treatment through a full range of factors

Disability Justice Model

Removing systemic barriers to the realization of human rights, social inclusion, and self-determination

Disability Pride Model

Celebrates disability as a unique and valuable aspect of human diversity

Universal Design

Inclusive designs to things

Scope of Practice Statement

Identifies the knowledge and skills required for effective clinical rehabilitations counseling

Scope of Practice

Describes the services that a qualified professional is competent to perform

What does LCMHCA stand for?

Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate

What does the Jurisprudence Exam cover?

The laws and ethical codes of the state

CRC Exam format

175 MC, 3.5 hours

Part 1: Knowledge of counseling

Part 2: Knowledge of rehabilitation and disability issues

NCE Exam format

200 MC, 3hr 45min

When does CRC license need to be renewed?

Every 5 years

LCMHC renewal rate

Every 2 years

Key Stages of the Counseling Process

1. Build Rapport

2. Understand Presenting Problem

3. Identifying treatment goals

4. Choosing and implementing interventions

5. Termination

What are the 8 Allied Health Professionals

MD, Social Worker, PT, OT, SLP, Recreational Therapist, Pastoral Care, Clinical Rehab Counselor

Which 2 ICF factors do CRCs involve with the most?

Environmental Factors and Personal Factors

Which factor is at the top of the ICF Model?

Health conditions

Which factor is in the middle of the ICF model?

Activity

What is contained in the Body Functions and Structures in the ICF model?

Body Functions: Mental, sensory, respiratory, cardiovascular, etc

Body Structures: Nervous system, skin, GI, etc

What is contained in the Environmental Factors in the ICF model?

Physical environment, social environment, attitude, services and policies

What is contained in the Personal Factors in the ICF model?

Gender identity, age, education, profession, behavior patterns

What is contained in the Participation Factors in the ICF model?

Work/employment, social and recreational activities, community life

What is contained in the Activity Factors in the ICF model?

Carrying out daily routines, walking, toileting, housework, transportation