PG 6- Control of Mircobes: Antibiotics

UNIT 2 MICROBIO

A type of medicine or chemical compound that fights bacterial infections by killing bacteria or stopping them from growing or multiplying.

Antibiotic

An antibiotic that works against a limited group of bacteria.

 Narrow Spectrum

An antibiotic that works against a wide variety of bacteria.

Broad Spectrum

When an antibiotic kills bacteria directly, it is called:

Bacteriocidal

When an antibiotic stops bacteria from growing/multiplying but does not necessarily kill them directly, it is called:

Bacteriostatic

The smaller part of the Bacterial Ribosome that helps make proteins. Some antibiotics target it to stop protein production.

30S Ribosome

An antibiotic that binds to the 30s Ribosome and stops bacteria from making proteins.

Tetracycline

An antibiotic that targets the 30s Ribosome and interferes with bacterial protein production.

Streptomycin

An antibiotic that binds to the 50s Ribosome and prevents bacteria from making proteins. (protein synthesis inhibitor)

Erythromycin

An antibiotic that damages bacterial cell membranes, causing their contents to leak out.

Polymyxin B

An antibiotic that blocks bacterial RNA production by inhibiting RNA polymerase.

Rifampin

An antibiotic that interferes with bacterial DNA replication, preventing bacteria from copying their DNA properly

Ciprofloxacin

The larger part of the ribosome that helps make proteins. Some antibiotcs target it to stop protein production.

50s Ribosome

A chemical structure in certain antibiotics that helps them stop bacteria from building their cell walls

B Lactam Ring

A lab test that uses antibiotic-containing disks in bacteria-covered agar to see which antibiotics stop bacterial growth.

Disk Diffusion Testing

An antibiotic that binds to the 50s ribosome and stops bacterial protein production.

Chloramphenicol

A Beta-Lactam antibiotic that prevents bacteria from properly building their cell walls.

Penecillin

This antibiotic is bactericidal against susceptible bacteria.

Penecillin

What gram stain is Penecilin narrow to:

Gram POSTIVIE

What does Penecillin target?

Cell Wall Synthesis

Is Penecillin Cidal or static?

Static

Is Penecilin broad or narrow?

Narrow to only Gram positive ( it cannot pass the outer membrane or gram neg bacteria)

What 4 antibiotics target Protein Synthesis?

Chloramphenicol

Erythromycin

Tetracycline

Streptomycin

Which 3 antibiotics targeting protein synthesis are Static, which one is cidal?

Streptomycin- Cidal

Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Erythromycin- Static

Streptomycin irreversibly binds to the ________ (never leaves this), making it (C/S) _________.

Ribosome, Cidal

True of False: Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Streptomycin are all Broad spectrum?

TRUE

What target structure is Polymyxin-B targeting?

Membrane by attaching to phospholipids.

Which antibiotic is Topical?

Polymyxin-B

Is Polymyxin-B Cidal or Static?

Cidal

Because Polymyxin-B is a topical antibiotic, is it broad or narrow spectrum?

Narrow to Gram Negative

What is the target of Rifampin

Transcription or RNA synthesis (Nucleic Acid synthesis)

If Rifampin Cidal or Static?

Cidal

Is Rifampin narrow or broad?

Narrow to Gram Positive

Why is Rifampin narrow to gram positive?

It cannot cross the outer membrane of gram - bacteria.

What is Cirptofloxacin targeting?

Nucleic Acid Synthesis, more specifically DNA replication

Ciprofloxacin Cidal or Static? Is it broad or Narrow?

Cidal, Broad

What is the pneumonic to remember ciprofloxacin?

ABCD

Antibiotic

Broad

Ciprofloxacin

DNA Replication targeting

Protein synthesis occurs in the ________ of a cell.

Ribosome

Translation is RNA to:

Protein

As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the _______ will read it.

tRNA

The chain of amino acids is called a:

Peptide Chain

Polypeptide chain then folds into a:

Protein

What is the acronym for the 4 antibiotics that are targeting protein synthesis?

ChETS

This antibiotic disrupts the polypeptide chain, preventing the formation of the polypeptide chain:

Chloramphenicol

This antibiotic acts as a stop sign. It stops/inhibits ribosomal movement:

Erythromycin

The antibiotic targets the tRNA, and blocks it so it cannot attach the the mRNA:

Tetracycline

This antibiotic targets the mRNA, and bends (physically alters) the mRNA so that it can’t be read:

Streptomycin

What is a special trait that Streptomycin has, and the other antibiotics don't? (has something to do with the physical altering of mRNA, and why it is the only one that is CIDAL)

Irreversable binding!

Which two antibiotics target the 50s subunit, and which two target the 30s subunit?

50s- Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin

30s- Tetracycline and Streptomycin

A method/Test in which we test whether or not a chemical or antibiotic is going to be effective against the bacterium:

Disk Diffusion Test

Area/Halo on a disk in a disk diffusion test where there is no bacterial growth:

Zone of Inhibition

If there is a zone of inhibition on a disk, that means that the chemical or bacteria is _______ to the antibiotic.

Susceptible

If the bacterial growth on a disk is occurring right up next to the disk, that means the bacteria is _______ to the antibiotic.

Resistant

Because human cells are _________, bacteriophage does not infect our cells, so phage therapy can be used on us.

Eukaryotic

This is commonly used with antibiotcs to prevent from secondary infections:

Probiotics

Phage Therapy/ Viruses can be applied to ______ in grocery stores.

Produce

What are the two alternative methods of control that can only be used for bacteria:

Phage Therapy and Probiotics

What enzyme does Penecilin target?

Transpeptidase

Antibiotic _________ targets transpeptidase by using its __________ which mimics D-alanine, thus preventing transpeptidase from forming the interbridges int he cell wall.

Penecillin, B-Lactam Ring

What does the B-Lactam ring do in Penicillin?

binding to and covalently inactivates the transpeptidase enzyme, which prevents it from cross-linking the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall.

Would Penicillin be effective against Gram-Postive C.diff, the bacterium from our last unit that causes colitis?

Which of the following antibiotics would primarily affect only the Gram-Negative “KPC” bacteria?

Among the 8 antibiotics, are more of them Cidal to bacteria or Static?

All of the 4 antibiotics that affect bacterial ribosomes are considered bacteriostatic.TRUE/FALSE

False, Streptomycin is CIDAL

Bacteria will usually pick up _____ structures through a process called _______ to become Antibiotic resistant!