C2 MATTERS AND THE ATOMIC STRUCTURES

WHAT IS A MATTER?

MATTER IS SOMETHING

1. THAT HAS MASS

2. OCCUPIES SPACE

3. CONSISTS OF PARTICLES THAT ARE TINY AND DISCRETE

WHAT ARE THE THREE STATES OF MATTER?

• SOLD

• LIQUID

• GAS

WHAT CAUSES THE CHANGE IN THE STATE OF MATTER?

HEAT ABSORBED OR HEAT RELEASED

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOLID MATTER?

• PARTICLES ARE CLOSELY PACKED IN AN ORDERLY MANNER

• PARTICLE’S KINECTIC ENERGY IS LOW

• ATTRACTION FORCE BETWEEN PARTICLES IS STRONG

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A LIQUID MATTER?

• PARTICLES ARE CLOSELY PACKED BUT NOT IN A ORDERLY MANNER

• PARTICLE’S KINETIC ENERGY IS HIGHER THAN THE SOLID STATE

• STTRACTION FORCES OF THE PARTICLES IS STRONG BUT NOT AS STRONG AS THE SOLID STATE

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS MATTER?

• PARTICLES ARE FAR APART

• KINETIC ENERGY OF PARTICLES IS VERY HIGH

• ATTRACTION FORCE BETWEEN PARTICLES IS WEAK

WHAT IS NAME FOR SOLID TO LIQUID?

MELTING

WHAT IS NAME FOR LIQUID TO GAS?

BOILING/EVAPORATION

WHAT IS NAME FOR GAS TO LIQUID?

CONDENSATION

WHAT IS NAME FOR LIQUID TO SOLID?

FREEZING

WHAT IS NAME FOR GAS TO SOLID?

DEPOSITION

WHAT IS NAME FOR SOLID TO GAS?

SUBLIMATION

MATTER IS DIVIDED INTO?

ELEMENT AND COMPOUND

WHAT IS ELEMENT?

ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM

WHAT IS COMPOUND?

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOM CHEMICALLY COMBINED

WHAT ARE ELEMENT DIVIDED INTO?

MOLECULE AND ATOM

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF MOLECULE IN ELEMENT?

GROUP OF THE TWO OR MORE ATOMS OF THE SAME KIND BONDED TOGETHER

EX: O2

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ATOM IN ELEMENT?

SIMPLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT
EG=Au-GOLD

WHAT ARE COMPOUND DIVIDED INTO?

MOLECULE AND ION

WHAT IS MOLECULE IN COMPOUND?

TWO OR MORE ATOMS OF DIFFERENT KIND BONDED TOGETHER

WHAT IS OIN IN COMPOUND?

HAS CHARGE OF POSITIVE OR CHARGE OR NEGATIVE

WHAT FORMS AN ION?

TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN ATOMS

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN AN ATOM DONATES ELECTRON?

ATOM THAT DONATED BECOMES POSITIVE

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN AN ATOM RECEIVES ELECTRON?

THE ATOM THAT RECEIVED ELECTRON BECOMES NEGATIVE

WHAT IS THE SYMBOL FOR ELECTRON?

e

WHAT IS THE SYMBOL FOR PROTON?

p

WHAT IS THE SYMBOL FOR NEUTRON?

n

WHAT IS RELATIVE CHARGE FOR ELECTRON?

-1

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE CHANGE FOR PROTON?

+1

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE CHARGE FOR NEUTRON?

0 BECAUSE ITS NEUTRAL

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE MASS OF PROTON?

1

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE MASS OF NEUTRON?

1

WHAT IS THE RELATIVE MASS OF ELECTRON?

1/1840

WHO INTRODUCED THE ATOMIC THEORY?

• DEMOCRITUS

• GREEK PHILOSOPHER

• 500 BC

EXPLAIN THE DALTONS ATOMIC MODEL

• MATTER IS MADE OUT OF PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS

• AN ATOM IS THE SMALLEST SPHERICAL BODY THAT CANNOT BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED OR DIVIDED FURTHER

• SAME ELEMENTS HAVE THE SAME ATOMS

WHAT IS HIS NAME?

JOHN DALTON

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE ATOMIC MODEL?

DALTON’S ATOMIC MODEL

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS ATOMIC MODEL?

THOMSON’S ATOMIC MODEL

WHAT IS HIS NAME?

JJ THOMSON

EXPLAIN THOMSON’S ATOMIC MODEL

• DISCOVERED NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES CALLED ELECTRON

• ATOM IS A POSITIVELY CHARGED SPHERE WITH SEVERAL ELECTRONS IN IT

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS ATOMIC MODEL?

RUTHERFORD’S ATOMIC MODEL

WHAT IS HIS NAME?

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

EXPLAIN RUTHERFORD’S ATOMIC MODEL

• NUCLUES IS THE CENTRE OF THE ATOM

• DISCOVERED POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES CALLED PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS

• ALMOST ALL ATOMIC MASS IS FOCUSED IN THE NUCLEUS

• ELECTRONS MOVE OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THSI ATOMIC MODEL?

BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL

WHAT IS HIS NAME?

NIEL BOHR

EXPLAIN BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL

• ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM MOVES IN A SHELL AROUND THE NUCLEUS

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS ATOMIC MODEL?

CHADWICK’S ATOMIC MODEL

WHAT IS HIS NAME?

JAMES CHADWICK

EXPLAIN CHADWICK’S ATOMIC MODEL

• DISCOVERED NEUTRAL PARTICLES CALLED NEUTRON IN THE NUCLEUS

• NEUTRONS CONTRIBUTE ALMOST HALF OF ATOMIC MASS

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF MELTING POINT?

IS THE TEMPERATURE WHEN SOLID TURNS INTO LIQIUD

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF FREEZING POINT?

IS THE TEMPERATURE WHEN LIQUID TURNS TO SOLID

EXPLAIN THE HEATING CURVE OF NAPHTHALENE

.

EXPLAIN THE COOLING CURVE OF NAPHTHALENE?

.

WHAT IS A PROTON NUMBER?

NUMBER OF PROTONS

WHAT IS A NUCLEON NUMBER?

PROTON NUMBER + NEUTRON NUMBER

HOW MANY ELECTRONS CAN THE THIRD SHELL HAVE IF THE ELEMENT HAS OVER 20 ELECTRONS?

18

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE DIAGRAM?

• ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM = HIGHLIGHTS ELECRTON

• ATOMIC STRUCTURE DIAGRAM = HIGHLIGHTS THE NUCLEUS

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• IN RADIOTHERAPY TO KILL CANCER CELL

• STERILISING SURGICAL TOOLS

WHAT IS ISOTOPE USED FOR? IODINE-131

TREATMENT FOR THYROID CANCER

WHAT IS ISOTOPE USED FOR? CARBON-14

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WHAT IS ISOTOPE USED FOR? LEAD-210

IN DETERMINING THE AGE OF SAND UP TO 80 YEARS

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