Eye, Ear, Nose, and Oropharynx Disorders Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering clinical findings, diagnostics, and terminology for ocular, auditory, nasal, and oropharyngeal disorders.

Cyanopsia

A blue-tinted vision that can be caused by erectile dysfunction medications such as sildenafil.

Anisocoria

Varying size of pupils which can be benign or suggest a neurological, pharmacological, or anatomical abnormality.

Normal Intraocular Pressure

$$10-20\,mmHg$$

Metamorphopsia

A visual disturbance characterized by distorted images.

Photopsia

A visual disturbance characterized by light flashes.

Vitreous opacities

Also known as floaters, these are visual disturbances commonly accompanying migraines or vitreous hemorrhage.

Ciliary flush

A violaceous hyperemia of the vessels surrounding the cornea, accompanied by photophobia and a sluggishly reactive pupil, which is a sign of iritis.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A benign collection of blood under the conjunctiva that is bright red and has distinctive borders, usually caused by minor trauma or straining.

Cataracts

The opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye, which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and presents as nonpainful, progressive loss of visual acuity.

Blepharitis

Infectious or inflammatory inflammation of the eyelids, often presenting with burning, tearing, and itching that is worse in the morning.

Hordeolum

Commonly known as a "stye," it is an acute infection of one of the glands in the eyelid, most often caused by S. aureus.

Chalazion

A chronic, sterile, lipogranulomatous inflammatory lesion of the meibomian gland that is usually nonpainful.

RSVP mnemonic

A guide for when to seek ophthalmologic referral for eye complaints: Redness, Sensitivity to light, Vision changes, or Pain.

Schirmer aqueous tear test

A diagnostic test for dry eye where filter paper is placed in the inferior cul-de-sac; measurements less than $5\,mm$ (with anesthetic) or $10\,mm$ (without anesthetic) suggest dry eye.

Dacryocystitis

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac, often presenting with painful swelling below the medial canthus and mucopurulent discharge.

Orbital cellulitis

A critical infection involving structures posterior to the orbital septum, often secondary to ethmoid sinusitis, which can lead to rapid blindness.

Pingueculae

Benign, elevated lesions of the bulbar conjunctiva, often located adjacent to the cornea on the nasal side.

Pterygia

Benign lesions originating in the conjunctiva that have grown onto the surface of the cornea, potentially causing astigmatism or vision obstruction.

Seidel test

The use of fluorescein stain to assess for an open globe injury.

Cholesteatoma

An abnormal accumulation of squamous epithelial cells typically found within the middle ear or mastoid processes that forms a benign tumor.

Presbycusis

A common cause of sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging.

Meniere's disease

A chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by recurrent spinning vertigo, low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

Tinnitus

The perception of sound (ringing, buzzing, hissing) when there is no sound in the environment.

Otitis externa

Also known as "swimmer's ear," it is a cellulitis of the external auditory canal that causes pain on palpation of the tragus.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)

A clinical syndrome characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa with symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks.

Allergic salute

A crease across the top of the nose caused by repeated rubbing or wiping of the nose typically seen in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Anosmia

The loss of the sense of smell.

Parosmia

The distortion of the sense of smell.

Ageusia

The loss of the sense of taste.

Hypogeusia

A diminished sense of taste.

Inverted papilloma

The most common type of benign nasal tumor, arising from the common wall between the nose and maxillary sinuses.

Dental Abscess

Any abscess found in the tissues around a tooth; the most common type is an acute infection of the periapical tissue.

Epiglottitis

Also known as supraglottitis, it is acute inflammation of the epiglottis that is a rare but life-threatening emergency due to potential airway loss.

Aphthous stomatitis

Painful shallow ulcerations of the oral mucosa related to stress or trauma.

Peritonsillar abscess

An accumulation of pus within the peritonsillar tissue often characterized by a displaced uvula and foul breath (halitosis).