ChatGPT flash cards ch11 15. What is urea? Answer: The end product of nitrogen metabolism. Memory trick: Urea is IN urine, but isn't urine. 16. What does the prefix an- mean in anemia? Answer: Without; lack of. Memory trick: Anemia involves insufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. 17. Which is NOT a function of blood? Answer: Producing albumin. Memory trick: The liver MAKES albumin; blood CARRIES it. 18. Which white blood cell removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells? Answer: Neutrophil. Memory trick: Neutrophils are first responders to bacterial infections. 19. What does hem/o mean in hemoglobin? Answer: Blood. Memory trick: HEMO = BLOOD. 20. What does agglutinate mean? Answer: To stick together to form clumps. Memory trick: Agglutinate = Glue together. 21. Which suffix means destruction or breakdown? Answer: -lysis (as in hemolysis). Memory trick: Hemolysis = destruction of red blood cells. 22. What does -poiesis mean in erythropoiesis? Answer: Formation or production; to make. Memory trick: Erythropoiesis = making red blood cells. 23. What does -penia mean in leukopenia? Answer: Deficiency or decrease. Memory trick: Leukopenia = low white blood cell count. 24. What is hypoxia? Answer: Below-normal oxygen levels in body tissues. Memory trick: HYPO = Low; OXIA = Oxygen. 25. What is disseminated intravascular coagulation Question 1: What is another name for Ig (immunoglobulin)? Answer: Antibody Memory trick: Ig = Immunoglobulin = Antibody Question 2: Which white blood cell produces antibodies in response to bacteria or toxins? Answer: B lymphocyte (B cell), which develops into an antibody-secreting plasma cell. Memory trick: B = Builds antibodies Question 3: Can a patient with type AB blood receive type A red blood cells? Answer: Yes, assuming Rh and other compatibility requirements are met. Memory trick: AB = Accepts A and B Question 4: What happens if a patient with type O blood receives type B red blood cells? Answer: The transfused type B cells can agglutinate and undergo hemolysis. Memory trick: Type O receives only O red blood cells Question 5: What antibodies and antigens does type O blood have? Answer: Anti-A and anti-B antibodies; neither A nor B antigens. Memory trick: O = Zero A/B antigens Question 6: What does neutropenia mean? Answer: Deficiency of neutrophils. Memory trick: -penia = Not enough Question 7: How long does an erythrocyte typically live? Answer: Approximately 120 days. Memory trick: 4 months = 120 days Question 8: Which statement about blood volume is NOT true? Answer: That blood volume is constant regardless of body size. Memory trick: Blood volume varies with body size Question 9: What is the clear, yellowish, noncellular part of blood? Answer: Plasma. Memory trick: Plasma = Liquid part of blood Question 10: What stringy protein forms the mesh of a blood clot? Answer: Fibrin. Memory trick: Fibrin = Fibers forming clots Question 11: What does a CBC (complete blood count) measure? Answer: Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Memory trick: CBC = Count Blood Cells Question 12: What are substances with a pH below 7.0 called? Answer: Acidic. Memory trick: Low pH = Acid Question 13: What term means maintaining a stable internal environment? Answer: Homeostasis. Memory trick: HOMEostasis = Balanced home Question 15: What is urea? Answer: A waste product formed by the liver from nitrogen metabolism. Memory trick: Urea is IN urine, not the same as urine Question 16: What does the prefix an- in anemia mean? Answer: Without or lack of. Memory trick: AN = WITHOUT Question 17: Which is NOT a function of blood? Answer: Producing albumin; the liver makes albumin. Memory trick: Liver makes it, blood carries it Question 18: What large white blood cell engulfs bacteria, foreign particles and dead cells? Answer: Macrophage. Memory trick: MACRO = Big, PHAGE = Eat Question 19: What does hem/o in hemoglobin mean? Answer: Blood. Memory trick: HEMO = BLOOD Question 20: What term means to stick together to form clumps? Answer: Agglutinate. Memory trick: Agglutinate = Glue together Question 21: What term contains a suffix meaning destruction? Answer: Hemolysis; -lysis means destruction or breakdown. Memory trick: LYSIS = Breaks apart Question 22: What does -poiesis in erythropoiesis mean? Answer: To make, form or produce. Memory trick: POIESIS = Produces Question 23: What does -penia in leukopenia mean? Answer: Deficiency or decrease. Memory trick: PENIA = Not enough Question 24: What term means below-normal oxygen in body tissues? Answer: Hypoxia. Memory trick: HYPO = Low, OXIA = Oxygen Question 25: What condition causes widespread activation of blood clotting, often with severe infection? Answer: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Memory trick: DIC = Dangerous Internal Clotting(DIC)? Answer: Widespread activation of blood clotting throughout the bloodstream, often triggered by severe infection or sepsis. Memory trick: DIC = Dangerous Internal Clotting.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Cell Respiration

The process by which cells convert sugars and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Trophic Levels

The levels in an ecosystem, consisting of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.