NURS Research Knowledge Check Prep - Week 3

What is the first step in evidence-based practice?

asking a well-worded clinical question

What is PICO?

framework to identify the key elements of the clinical question

What is P in PICO?

population

What is I in PICO?

intervention

What is C in PICO?

comparison

What is O in PICO?

outcome

Students are interested in knowing the effectiveness of flipped classrooms vs. traditional teaching approaches on undergraduate student performance. What is P in the PICO question?

undergraduate students

Students are interested in knowing the effectiveness of flipped classrooms vs. traditional teaching approaches on undergraduate student performance. What is I in the PICO question?

teaching approaches

Students are interested in knowing the effectiveness of flipped classrooms vs. traditional teaching approaches on undergraduate student performance. What is O in the PICO question?

student performance

What is therapy/treatment/intervention question?

questions about the effects of a treatment or intervention

What is a prognosis question?

questions about the consequences or long-term outcomes of a disease or health problem

What is a etiology/harm question?

questions about the underlying cause of a health problem, such as an environmental cause or personal behavior (ex. smoking)

What is a description (prevalence/incidence) question?

questions about the frequency of a phenomenon

Students are interested in knowing the effectiveness of a meditation mindfulness app vs. in-person meditation mindfulness sessions on study well-being. What type of question are students asking?

intervention

Students are interested in knowing whether e-cigarettes increase risk for lung disease. What type of question are students asking?

etiology/harm

What is the evidence hierarchy?

ranked arrangement of the strangth of research evidence based on the rigor of the method that produced it

What are traditional evidence hierarchies used for?

cause-probing research

What is meta-analysis?

technique for quantitatively integrating the results of a systematic review

What is a systematic review?

rigorous synthesis of research findings on a particular research question, using systematic sampling, data collection, and data analysis procedures specified in a formal protocol

What is a randomoized controlled trial?

full experimental test of an intervention, involving random assignment of participants to different treatment groups

What is a quasi-experiment?

testing an intervention in which participants are not randomly assigned to treatment conditions; also called a non-randomized trial

What is a cohort study?

a nonexperimental design in which a defined group of people (a cohort) is followed over time to study outcomes for subsets of the cohort

What is a case control study?

nonexperimental design that compares “cases” (people with a specified condition, such as lunch cancer) to matched controls (similar people without the condition), to examine differences that could have contribute to “caseness”

What is descriptive research?

has a primary objective the accurate portrayal of people’s characteristics or circumstances and/or the frequency with which certain phenomena occur

What are primary sources?

first-hand evidence; direct access to the subject of your research

What are secondary sources?

second-hand information and commentary from other researchers; describes, interprets, or synthesizes primary sources

What is the hiearchy of designs of therapy/intervention?

RCT/experimental > quasi-experimental > cohort > case control > descriptive correlational

What is the hierarchy of designs of prognosis?

cohort > case control > descriptive correlational

What is etiology (causation)/ prevention of harm hierarchy of designs?

RCT/experimental > quasi-experimental > cohort > case control > descriptive correlational

This provides a ranked arrangement of the strangth of research evidence based on the rigor of the method that produced it.

evidence hierarchy

Which primary research design is considered the best for cause-probing research questions?

randomized controlled trials