Anatomy Chapter 6 - unfinished

Skeletal cartilage

made of highly resilient, molded cartilage tissue that consists primarily of water

• contains no blood vessels or nerves

Perichondrium

layer of dense connective tissue surrounding cartilage like a girdle

• helps cartilage resist outward expansion

• contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage

Cartilage is made up of what?

• made up of chondrocytes, cells encased in small cavities (lacunae) within jelly-like extracellular matrix

in what ways does cartilage grow?

• appositional growth

• interstitial growth

What is appositional growth?

Cartilage-forming cells in perichondrium secrete matrix against external face of existing cartilage

Interstitial growth

Chondrocytes within lacunae divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within

When can calcification of cartilage occur?

During normal bone growth in youth, but can also occur in old age

What are seven important functions of bones

Support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation (hematopoiesis), triglyceride (fat) storage, hormone production (osteocaicin)

How are bones organs?

They contain different types of tissues

• Bone (osseous) tissue predominates, but a bone also has nervous tissue, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue, muscle cells, and epithelial cells in its blood vessels.

What is three levels of structure?

• gross

• microscopic

• chemical

Bone markings

• sites of muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment on external surfaces

• areas involved in joint formation or conduits for blood vessels and nerves

What is the three types of bone markings

• projection

• depression

• opening

What are the five major cell types of bone tissue,?

• osteogenic cells

• osteoblasts

• osteocytes

• bone-lining cells

• osteoclasts

Compact Bone

• also called lamellar bone

• consists of osteon (Haversian system)

• Canals and canaliculi

• Interstitial and circumfential lamellae

What are the organic components that bone is made up of

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone-lining cells, osteoclasts, and osteoid

What is osteoid?

A substance that consists of ground substance and collagen fibers, which contribute to high tensile strength and flexibilty of bone