fys midterm

Sound

Energy made by vibration of air

Pitch

Amount of airflow interruptions that happen each second

Power source

The thing that starts vibrations

Oscillator

The thing vibrating

Resonator

Cavity of air to vibrate to increase volume

Transmitter

Something sound travels through

Sound and noise

___waves are periodic (repetitive) while __ waves are aperiodic (do not show pattern)

The vocal tract

__ can change shapes

Tongue

Made of eight muscles, each muscle can engage separately

Pharynx

Space behind tongue and above larynx. Muscles to constrict it.

Larynx

•made of cartilage

• vocal folds housed inside

• attached to hyoid bone, moved by muscles

Soft palate

•Portal to nasal cavity

• access to nasal cavity when lowered

• no access when raised

Subglottic Pressure

Air pressure meeting the folds

Glottal resistance

Resistance from vocal folds against air pressure

How the lungs function

Diaphragm contracts pulling on lungs to make a negative pressure. External intercostals pull on rib cage. Air rushes in.

Fundamental harmonic

Lowest harmonic, what we perceive as the pitch

Incidence

Number of new cases of vocal disorders

Prevalence

Number of people living with voice disorders

Organic disorders

Physiological disorders, structural and neurogenic

Structural disorders

Physical changes in vocal mechanisms

Neurogenic disorders

Problems in central or peripheral nervous system

Psychogenic disorders

Psychological stressors lead to habitual dysphonia