Anatomy and Physiology for Cosmetology

Vocabulary flashcards covering human anatomy and physiology principles relevant to cosmetology, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic, integumentary, and endocrine systems.

Bones of the Arms and Hands

The group of bones of the upper extremities consisting of the phalanges, metacarpus, and radius.

Tibia

The larger of the two leg bones below the knee that supports most of the body's weight.

Tarsals

The collection of seven bones located in the ankle area.

Opponens Muscles

Hand muscles that move the thumb in relation to the other digits, massaged with pressure directed from the muscle's insertion toward its origin.

Abductor Hallucis

A foot muscle that moves the big toe in relation to the other digits, sharing a similar positional movement function to the opponens in the hand.

Flexor Digitorum Brevis and Flexor Digiti Minimi

Muscles of the foot to which a cosmetologist directs pressure while performing a foot massage during a pedicure service.

Frontalis

The muscle that causes wrinkles across the forehead.

Involuntary Muscles

Muscles whose actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system to regulate essential body functions such as breathing and digestion.

Levator Palpebrae Superioris and Levator Anguli Oris

Specific muscles located in the face, nose, and mouth.

Soleus

A muscle of the lower leg that bends the foot down.

Tibialis Anterior

A muscle of the lower leg that bends the foot up.

Extensors

Muscles used to straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.

Motor Nerve

A nerve that carries impulses from the brain to muscles or glands.

Central Nervous System

The division of the nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary muscle actions.

Sensory Processing Care Adjustment

A professional service adjustment, such as using caution with hot water to avoid accidentally burning a client whose nervous system has a reduced ability to perceive sensory input.

Veins

Blood vessels that transport oxygen-poor blood and waste products through the circulatory system.

Blood Vessels

Tubular structures that circulate blood throughout the body, including arteries, arterioles, and venules.

Lymphatic System

The body system that removes waste material from body cells to the blood, defends against toxins and bacteria, and eliminates infection by-products such as pus and dead tissue.

Lymph Nodes

Glandlike structures within the immune system that filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.

Integumentary System

The body system comprised of the skin and its accessory organs that regulates temperature, protects against environmental elements such as germs, chemicals, and sun, and is studied to address conditions like dry scalp.

Endocrine System

The body system comprising glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, which control hormone levels (such as estrogen) affecting bodily processes and hair growth.

Cells

The basic units of all living things.

Tissue

A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organs

Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in the body.

Occipital Bone

The bone that forms the back of the skull situated directly above the nape.

Ulna

The inner and larger bone of the forearm that attaches at the wrist on the side of the little finger.