Chem convert

Significant figures: digits that are ALWAYS significant

Non-zero numbers, sandwiched zeroes, and trailing zeroes when a decimal is present.

Significant figures: digits that are NOT significant

Placeholder zeroes (such as leading zeroes and trailing zeroes without a decimal point).

Significant figure rule for addition and subtraction

The final answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than the measurement with the fewest decimal places.

Significant figure rule for multiplication and division

The final answer cannot have more total significant figures than the measurement with the fewest significant figures in the entire number.

Metric prefix: Mega ($\text{M}$)

$1{,}000{,}000$ base units ($10^6$)

Metric prefix: Kilo ($\text{k}$)

$1{,}000$ base units ($10^3$)

Metric prefix: Hecto ($\text{h}$)

$100$ base units ($10^2$)

Metric prefix: Deka ($\text{da}$)

$10$ base units ($10^1$)

Metric prefix: Deci ($\text{d}$)

$10\text{ deci} = 1$ base unit ($10^{-1}$ base units)

Metric prefix: Centi ($\text{c}$)

$100\text{ centi} = 1$ base unit ($10^{-2}$ base units)

Metric prefix: Milli ($\text{m}$)

$1{,}000\text{ milli} = 1$ base unit ($10^{-3}$ base units)

Metric prefix: Micro ($\mu$)

$1{,}000{,}000\text{ micro} = 1$ base unit ($10^{-6}$ base units)

Metric prefix: Nano ($\text{n}$)

$1{,}000{,}000{,}000\text{ nano} = 1$ base unit ($10^{-9}$ base units)

Four primary chemistry base units

Grams ($\text{g}$), liters ($\text{L}$), meters ($\text{m}$), and seconds ($\text{s}$)

Temperature conversion: Kelvin ($\text{K}$) from Celsius ($^\circ\text{C}$)

$$K = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15$$

Temperature conversion: Celsius ($^\circ\text{C}$) from Fahrenheit ($^\circ\text{F}$)

$$^\circ\text{C} = \frac{5}{9}(^\circ\text{F} - 32)$$

Temperature conversion: Fahrenheit ($^\circ\text{F}$) from Celsius ($^\circ\text{C}$)

$$^\circ\text{F} = \left(^\circ\text{C} \times \frac{9}{5}\right) + 32$$

Formula for density

$$d = \frac{m}{V}$$

Formula for percent error

$$\text{\% error} = \left| \frac{\text{experimental} - \text{accepted}}{\text{accepted}} \right| \times 100$$

Mass conversion: $1\text{ kg}$ to grams

$$1{,}000\text{ g}$$

Mass conversion: $1\text{ kg}$ to pounds

$$2.205\text{ lbs}$$

Mass conversion: $1\text{ lb}$ to ounces

$$16\text{ oz}$$

Mass conversion: $1\text{ oz}$ to grams

$$28.35\text{ g}$$

Mass conversion: $1\text{ ton}$ to kilograms

$$1{,}000\text{ kg}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ L}$ to milliliters

$$1{,}000\text{ mL}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ cup}$ to milliliters

$$236\text{ mL}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ tsp}$ to milliliters

$$5\text{ mL}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ cm}^3$ to milliliters

$$1\text{ mL}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ gal}$ to liters

$$3.785\text{ L}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ tbsp}$ to teaspoons

$$3\text{ tsp}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ cup}$ to tablespoons

$$16\text{ tbsp}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ qt}$ to cups

$$4\text{ cups}$$

Volume conversion: $1\text{ gal}$ to quarts

$$4\text{ qts}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ km}$ to meters

$$1{,}000\text{ m}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ m}$ to millimeters

$$1{,}000\text{ mm}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ m}$ to centimeters

$$100\text{ cm}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ mi}$ to feet

$$5{,}280\text{ ft}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ yd}$ to feet

$$3\text{ ft}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ ft}$ to inches

$$12\text{ in}$$

Length conversion: $1\text{ in}$ to centimeters

$$2.54\text{ cm}$$

Pressure conversion: $1\text{ mmHg}$ to torr

$$1\text{ torr}$$

Pressure conversion: $1\text{ atm}$ to torr

$$760\text{ torr}$$

Pressure conversion: $1\text{ atm}$ to $\text{mmHg}$

$$760\text{ mmHg}$$

Pressure conversion: $1\text{ atm}$ to Pascals

$$101{,}325\text{ Pa}$$

Time conversion: $1\text{ year}$ to days

$$365.25\text{ days}$$

Time conversion: $1\text{ day}$ to hours

$$24\text{ hr}$$

Time conversion: $1\text{ min}$ to seconds

$$60\text{ s}$$

Time conversion: $1\text{ hr}$ to minutes

$$60\text{ min}$$