Counseling Research: Chapter 16 - Qualitative Research

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering concepts, paradigms, phases, and specific methodologies from EDC 506 Chapter 16 on Qualitative Research.

Quantitative Research

An approach that measures a construct at the individual level and averages those measurements over many persons to generalize.

Qualitative Research

An approach that examines individual perspectives in context to understand how people give meaning to their 'lived reality', conducting in-depth studies of small groups to guide theory construction and produce descriptive rather than predictive results.

"Emic" View

A research perspective where categories emerge directly from the perspectives of the participants.

"Etic" View

A research perspective where the researcher holds pre-existing expectations about categories and results prior to beginning the study.

Idiographic

An approach in which knowledge about a small group of participants is used to generate more general themes and understanding.

Nomothetic

An approach where generalizations are derived from a larger group and subsequently applied to individuals.

Constructivist Philosophy

The philosophical foundation of qualitative research asserting that objective reality can never be discovered.

Phase 1 of Qualitative Research

The initial phase where the researcher is positioned as a multicultural subject, emphasizing self-awareness and reflectivity.

Phase 2 of Qualitative Research

The phase establishing theoretical paradigms, addressing ontological, epistemological, axiological, rhetorical structure, and methodological assumptions.

Phase 3 of Qualitative Research

The phase focused on determining strategies of inquiry, interpretive paradigms, and research design.

Phase 4 of Qualitative Research

The stage encompassing data collection methods (experiencing, enquiring, examining) via limited participant groups, observations, interviews, existing materials, and data coding/analysis to determine themes.

Phase 5 of Qualitative Research

The stage addressing the art, practices, and politics of interpretation, including synthesizing data, thick description, and evaluating reliability, social validity, bracketing biases, and data/interpretation adequacy.

Degrees of Involvement in Observation

The four levels of researcher participation in qualitative data collection: complete observer, observer as participant, participant as observer, and complete participant.

Grounded Theory

An approach for developing theory that is 'grounded in data systematically gathered and analyzed', beginning with questions designed to lead to the generation of a theory regarding social life.

Constant Comparative Method

The hallmark method of Grounded Theory involving continuous comparison of collected data to emerging categories and theories.

Memoing

A practice utilized in Grounded Theory to document researcher notes and ensure the trustworthiness of the data.

Coding Phases in Grounded Theory

The three-step process of analyzing qualitative data in Grounded Theory: open (initial) phase, axial phase, and selective coding.

Theoretical Sampling

A Grounded Theory sampling procedure where the researcher analyzes collected data, begins forming a theory, and decides how to sample next based on that emerging theory.

Phenomenology

A qualitative approach aimed at describing the 'lived experience' of a phenomenon, centering on the meaning of experiences or behaviors.

Criterion-Based Sampling

A purposeful sampling technique employed in phenomenology where participants are chosen because they have experienced the specific phenomenon under study.

Intuition of Essence

A step in phenomenological data analysis achieved through free imaginative variation to understand the underlying nature of an experience.

Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR)

A qualitative method rooted in a postpositivist paradigm and feminist perspective that systematically examines the representativeness of results across cases through reaching consensus within a research team.

CQR Data Representativeness Classifications

The descriptive terms used in Consensual Qualitative Research to categorize findings across cases: general, typical, variant, and rare.

Participatory Action Research (PAR)

A community-based qualitative approach utilizing a constructivist framework that values democratic participation, self-reflection, and research as a mechanism for social change.