HOSA 26-27 - Nutrition

Provide Energy, Build and Repair Body Tissue, Regulate Body Processes

Three main functions of the 6 essential nutrients

Carbs, Proteins, and Fats

Nutrients used primarily to provide energy

Proteins, Vitamins, and Minerals

Nutrients used mainly to repair body tissues

low-nutrient-density foods

Potato Chips, cakes, sodas, and candy are

heart disease

Cumulative effect of a high-fat diet could be

Organic

Products grown without pesticides

Fat

Organic Nutrient

Weight

Anthropocentric measures include

African American Foods

Down-home breads are served with most meals. Black-eyed peas, okra, sweet potatoes, peanuts, corn, green beans, and peppers are important. Pork, chicken, fried fish.

too much fat, sodium, and carbs.

deficient in iron, calcium, fiber, potassium, vitamin C.

French American Foods

Cajun. Lacking calcium, vitamins D, E, and C

Mexican Foods

Beans, rice, tomatoes, onions, jalapenos, chilies. Pork, goat, garlic, wheat, refritos, avacoadoes, cheese. Flan is a favorite dessert.

Lacking vitamin C. Calcium intake is low because of lactose intolerance.

Puerto Rican

Corn, wheat, seafood, beef, pork, rice, olive oil, chicken, pinto beans, and okra. Plantains, green bananas, potatoes, squash, taro, and breadfruit. Pineapple, mango, papayas, guava, and coconut.

Not enough calcium.

Italian Foods

pasta, rice, beans, olives, fruits, vegetables, seafood. Beef is seldom. Salami, veal and pork is favored. cheese is important. fat is usually olive oil. dessert is fruit.

Greek Foods

Salads. Bread is the basis. fruity olive oil. seafood, lamb, goat, and pork.

North European foods

large servings of meat. little sides of vegetables and starch. greens, potatoes, beets, mushrooms, barley, plums, rye. sausages, cheese, dark bread, dairy. pickled herring.

needs more vitamins, minerals, fiber

central european foods

pork and chicken are common. beef sausage and fish are popular too. cabbage sauerkraut, carrots, turnips, potatoes, beans, lentils, onions. spatzle, dark bread, and muesli are main carbs. eggs and dairy.

needs fewer fat

middle eastern foods

lamb. pita, flat, sourdough breads. legumes. chickpeas/hummus. dairy. fruits, dates, figs.

need more vitamins, minerals, fiber

chinese foods

5 essential grains: rice, soybeans, barley, wheat, millet. many vegetables. protein is from seaood, eggs, pork, chicken, beef, tofu.

soysauce contributes to high blood pressure.

not enough calcium.

Japanese

protein is from seafood, chicken, and eggs. sushi is popular.

need fruits.

Southeast Asian Foods

rice and noodles. two times as much fish than other meats.

too much sodium

Indian Foods

lentils, beans, and milk are the proteins.

vitamins

fruits and vegetables are rich sources of

5.5oz

daily intake from protein for a 2000 calorie diet

complex carbs

rich in dietary fiber and B vitamins

mouth

digestion begins here

small intestine

most digestive processes occur here

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

three sections of the small intestine in descending order

chyme

fluid that moves from the stomach through pyloric sphincter

peristalsis

muscular movement that moves food down the GI tract

lymphatic system

transports fat throughout the body

enzyme

organic substance that causes changes in other substances

small intestine

maltase, sucrase, and lactase are produced here

bile

needed to digest fats

weight increase

energy intake > energy output

BMR

weight to kg. multiply by 24. multiply by .9 if female. 1 for men.

galactose

product of digestion of milk

glucose

all forms of carbs are converted to; brain uses for energy

cellulose

fibrous form of carbs that can't be digested

liver and muscles

where glycogen is stored

monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

lactose

yogurt

ketones

when insufficient carbs are eaten, liver produces

starch

form in which glucose is stored in plants

insoluble dietary fiber

can decrease blood cholestrol

salivary amylase

enzyme in the mouth that begins the digestion

hormone insulin

glucose metabolism is controlled by

energy

fats provide the most concentrated form of

adipose tissue

protects and insulates

hypocholestrolemia

atherosclerosis increases the risk of

linoleic acid

the diet deficient in fats may be deficient in; essential to the diet

eggs whites and skim milk

invisible fats would be

coconut and chocolate

plant foods that contain saturated fats

hydrogenation

polyunsaturated oil is changed to saturated fat

artherosclerosis

cholesterol contributes to

simplesse

fat alternative for ice cream

olestra

fat alternative for snack foods

oatrim

fat alternative for baking

triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

three groups of lipids found naturally in the body and food

carobon and hydrogen

fatty acids are organic compounds of

sterol

cholesterol is a sterol

good cholestrol

high density lipoprotein

gastric lipase, bile, and panceatic lipiase

for digestion, fats require

9

how many calories in a gram of fat?

canola oil

healthiest fat to use when frying

nitrogen

element that is necessary for growth and maintenance of health that proteins contain

4 calories

each gram of protein contains; one gram of carbs contains

stomach and small intestine

chemical digestion of proteins occur

kwashiorkor, edema

deficiency of protein

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

incomplete proteins

corn, peas, beans, nuts

complete proteins

eggs and ground beef

function of protein

to build and repair body cells

pancreatic enzymes

once proteins each the small intestine, chemical digestion continues through the action of

heart disease

excessive amount of protein can result

malamus

protein deficient, calorie malnutrition, emaciated appearance

A, K, D, E

vitamins that are fat soluble

B, C

vitamins that are water soluble

fat-soluble vitamins

slower to show any deficiencies

vitamin A

night blindness is cause by the deficiency of

good sources of thiamine

wheat germ and liver

organ meats

thiamine, ribloflavin, and B12

vitamin D

prevention of rickets

vitamin K

vitamin for proper clotting of blood

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate

vitamins commonly added to cereals and breads

vitamin B12

pernicious anemia is caused by the deficiency of

folate

neural tube defects such as spina bifida is caused by the deficiency of

minerals

inorganic elements to help build and repair tissues

phosphorus

works with calcium to strengthen and maintain healthy bones and teeth

poultry

phosphorus is found in

hemoglobin

coloring matter of blood

malabsorption, lack of stomach acid, insufficient intake

causes of iron deficiency

fatigue and weakness

symptoms of anemia

iodine

affects the rate of metabolism

sodium

often restricted in cardiovascular conditions because it contributes to edema

iron

necessary component of hemoglobin; goiter can result in the deficiency of

calcium

tetany is caused by the deficiency of

osmosis (high to low concentration)

sodium is important in

sulfur

found in all body cells

hypokalemia

caused by potassium deficiency

delayed growth and hypogonadism

zinc deficiency