History Exam 2 Study Guide - Terms

Varieties of Progressivism

Reform movements fixing problems from industrialization: labor rights, women's rights, anti-corruption, public health, and regulating big business.

Margaret Sanger

Birth control activist who opened the first clinic; pushed for reproductive freedom.

Moral Reform (Prohibition & Prostitution)

Effort to clean up society by banning alcohol and regulating prostitution.

Women's Suffrage Movement

Movement for women's right to vote; achieved with the 19th Amendment (1920).

AFL

Skilled labor union focused on wages, hours, and working conditions.

IWW

Radical union ('Wobblies') supporting strikes and worker control.

Political Machines

Corrupt urban organizations controlling city politics (ex: Tammany Hall).

New Immigrants

Southern/Eastern European immigrants (Italy, Poland, Russia).

Urban Problems

Overcrowding, sanitation issues, crime, poverty, disease.

Sources of Urban Growth

Immigration, industrial jobs, new tech, transportation.

Immigration Act of 1917

Literacy tests + bans on certain groups.

Immigration Restriction

Movement to limit non-Western immigration.

Baseball

America's pastime; symbol of mass entertainment.

Movies

New entertainment shaping culture and early celebrity.

Vaudeville

Variety shows with comedy, music, acts.

Football

Growing college sport; part of expanding leisure culture.

American Intervention in Mexico

U.S. involvement in Mexican Revolution; Wilson sent troops after Pancho Villa.

T. Roosevelt's Foreign Policy

"Speak softly, carry a big stick"; negotiate but use military strength.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's use of loans/investments to influence Latin America/Asia.

Zimmerman Telegraph

German message urging Mexico to attack U.S.; helped push America into WWI.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's peace plan: self-determination + League of Nations.

League of Nations

International peace group; U.S. did NOT join.

Marcus Garvey

Black nationalist promoting pride, independence, and 'Back to Africa.'

Red Scare

Fear of communism after WWI; arrests and suspicion of immigrants.

Palmer Raids

Government raids targeting radicals and immigrants.