BCOR 2202 - Principles Of Management

What is Organizational Behavior?

Organizational Behavior is devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.

What is Strategic Management?

Studies corporate and industry characteristics that affect an organizations profitability.

What is HR's role in Organizational Behavior?

Takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the applications of those principles in organizations.

What are the two major attitudes?

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment

What factors are involved in Individual Mechanisms?

1) Job Satisfaction

2) Motivation

3) Decision making

How do you measure job satisfaction?

 depends on whether you perceive that your job supplies the things that you value.

What is decision making?

Deals with how employees gain job knowledge and how they use that knowledge to make accurate judgements on the job.

What are 2 key drivers to improving Job Performance and Organizational commitment?

Personality and Culture

How does Personality and Culture affect workers?

They affect the way people behave at work, the kinds of tasks they're interested in, and how they react to events that happen on the job

What is ability?

Ability describes the cognitive abilities (Verbal, quantitative), emotional skills, and physical abilities that employees bring to a job.

What traits do group mechanisms shape?

Satisfaction, Stress, Motivation, trust, and learning

What dictates how units within a firm link to and connect with other units?

Organizational structure

What is the term that captures the share knowledge about the values and beliefs that shape the employees attitudes and behaviors?

Organizational culture.

What is a resource-based view?

An idea that suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is inimitable (Difficult to imitate.)

Between these two options; Which one is deemed more difficult to imitate?

1) Manufactoring practices, equipment, tools
2) Talented and Motivated employees

2) Talented and Motivated employees

People create HISTORY; define what that is and why it cannot be replicated.

History is a collective pool of experience, wisdom, and knowledge that benefits the organization. History cannot be bought.

What is the concept of numerous small decisions and why can it not be replicated?

The idea that people make many small decisions day in and day out; Big decisions can be copied because they are visible but smaller actions hidden behind the scenes are harder to copy

Define Socially Complex resources and how it's inimitable

The culture, the atmosphere, reputation, and status; It's not clear how these things come to be developed

Define the Rule of One-Eighth

Only 12% of firms will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first

Define Casual inference

Establishing that one variable really does cause another

What three things need to be proven in order for there to be a casual inference?

1) That two variables are correlated
2) Presumed cause precedes the presumed efffect in time
3) No alternative explanation exists

Explain what a meta analysis is

Meta analysis takes all of the correlations found in studies of a relationship and calculates the weighted average of them.

Define evidence-based management

A perspective that argues that scientific findings should form the foundation for management education

What is the correlation between evidence based management and analytics

Evidence based management forms the foundation for analytics as a tool for managing people.

Define Personality

the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristics patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior

Define Traits

Recurring regularities or trends in peoples responses to their environment

What are the Big Five personality dimensions?

1) conscientiousness
2) agreeableness
3) neuroticism
4) openness to experience
5) extraversion

Conscientious people are:

dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering

Conscientious employees value…?

accomplishment striving

Agreeable people are:

warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous

Agreeable employees value…?

communion striving

Extraversion people are:

talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, dominant

Extraversion people value…?

status striving

Neuroticism people are:

nervous, moody, emotional, inescure, and jealous

Define external locus of control

The belief that the events that occur around them are driven by luck, chance, or fate

Define internal locus of control

The belief that their own behavior dictates events

Openness to experience are people who are:

curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated

How does the Big Five Dimensions change over time?

1) Extraversion stabilizes
2) Openness stabilizes after a small increase
3) Conscientiousness and agreeableness increases
4) Neuroticism decreases

What are the four categories of the Myers-Briggs Type indicator?

1) Extraversion
2) Sensing
3) Thinking
4) Judging

What are the 6 traits of the RIASEC model?

1) Realistic
2) Investigative
3) Artistic
4) Social
5) Enterprising
6) Conventional

What is typical performance?

performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks

What is maximum performance?

performance in fried, special circumstances that demand a person's best effort

Define Self-Esteem

Degree to which individuals feel good about themselves and their capabilities

Define Narcissism

Degree of sense of self-importance and arrogance; Two conflicting needs 1) Need to kiss up (Acclaim) and 2) Need to kick down (Dominate).

Define Self-Efficacy

Belief that one has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success

Define Authoritarianism

Belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems

Define Machiavellianism

Behavior directed at gaining power and control of others

Tolerance for Risk

Degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions

Tolerance for Ambiguity

Tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable

Define Organizational commitment

The desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization

Define Affective commitment

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment (want to)

Define continuance commitment

The desire to remain a member of an organization because they're aware of the costs that comes with leaving it (need to)

define normative commitment

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation (ought to)

Withdrawal behavior is:

A set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situations

Name and explain the four types of withdrawal behavior

1) Exit - Leaving the organization
2) Voice - a constructive response in which an employee is trying to improve a situation
3) Loyalty - a passive response, an individual privately hopes for improvement
4) Neglect - a passive response in which interest and effort in the job is declining

Define Counterproductive Work Behavior

Intentional employee behaviors that hinder organizational goal accomplishment

Define Job Satisfaction

a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences

What is the Value-Percept theory?

argues that job satisfaction depends on whether you perceive that your job supplies the things that you value

What are the three characteristics of meaningfullness of work in Job Satisfaction?

1) Variety - Degree to which a job requires a number of different activities that involve a variety of skills and talents
2) Identity - degree to which the job requires completing a whole piece of work from beginning to end
3) Significance - degree to which the job impacts on the lives of other people

Define Autonomy

Degree to which the job provides freedom, independence, and discretion

Define Feedback

Degree to which carrying out the activities required by the job provides employees with clear information about how well they're performing

What are the three attitude components?

1) Cognitive
2) Affective
3) Behavioral

What does the Cognitive attitude component focus on?

Thoughts, beliefs, knowledge.

What does the Affective attitude component focus on?

Emotional or feeling segment

What is the behavioral attitude component?

An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

Define Emotional Labor:

The need to manage emotions and complete job duties successfully

What is surface acting?

Changing your face and behavior but not your emotions

What is deep acting?

Changing your cognitions which changes your emotions

Define motivation

A set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee

What is expectancy theory?

The cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses

What is expectancy?

represents the belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task

Define Instrumentality

The belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes

Define Valence

Reflects the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance

What is extrinsic motivation?

motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance

What is intrinsic motivation?

motivation that is felt when task performance serves as it's own reward

Define Goal Setting Theory?

views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort

What is the acronym SMART goals?

1) Specific
2) Measurable
3) Achievable
4) Results-Based
5) Time-Sensitive

What is Equity Theory

acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people

Why do we study Job attitudes?

High revenues: Increased customer satisfaction and productivity

Lower costs: Employee turnover and employee safety

Define Organizational Citizenship Behavior

voluntary, discretionary actions taken by employees that go beyond their formal job descriptions

What 3 traits define Motivation?

1) Direction

2) Intensity

3) Persistence

What are the four components of Self-Efficacy?

1) Past Accomplishments

2) Vicarious Experiences

3) Verbal persuasion

4) Emotional cues