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distal radius landmarks

distal ulna landmarks

radioulnar joints and ligaments
annular ligament
interosseous membrane
articular discs
annular ligament
holds head of radius in articulation with ulna at radial notch

interosseous membrane
connects radius and ulna along their diaphysis
forms radioulnar syndesmosis joint (fibrous, slightly moveable)

articular disc
fibrocartilage disc that connects ulnar head with ulnar notch of radius

the carpals: some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
wrist complex
radiocarpal joint
midcarpal joints
radiocarpal joint
between radius and articular disc proximally and scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral distally


midcarpal joint
between the first row of carpals and 2nd row of carpals

intercarpal joints
between adjacent carpals

label the pink box
ulnar collateral ligament

label the pink box
radial collateral ligament

label the pink box, and then the grey box
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane

transverse carpal ligament
a large, fibrous ligament that stretches over the palmar side of the wrist
connects scaphoid and trapezium laterally with pisiform and hamate medially
forms tunnel with carpals through which tendons pass


bones of hand
metacarpals → phalanges (proximal → middle → distal)
carpometacarpal joints
between carpals and metacarpals
first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint
thumb → saddle joint, separate synovial cavity
enables opposition
second and fifth CMC
fingers → plane joints, share synovial cavity
second and third are nearly immobile (rigid platform) → 4th and 5th moderately mobile
metacarpophalangeal joints
between metacarpals and proximal phalanx
condyloid joints (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction)
supported by deep transverse metacarpal ligament, palmar plates, and collateral ligaments
interphalangeal joints
between adjacent phalanges
hinge joints (flexion and extensions)
supported by palmar plates and collateral ligaments
only one in 1st digit