Science 10: Chemical Reactions (CR2) - Ionic Compounds and Bonding Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering chemical bonding, valence electron configuration, binary and ternary ionic compound formulas, polyatomic ions, and naming conventions.

Bonding

The process when two or more atoms come together to form a molecule or compound.

Stable Electron Configuration (SEC)

The stable electron arrangement achieved when an atom gains, loses, or shares electrons to obtain a full valence shell based on the octet rule.

Valence Shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom.

Valence Electrons

The electrons that occupy the outermost electron shell (valence shell) of an atom, ranging in quantity from 1 to 8.

Octet Rule

The tendency of atoms to prefer having a full valence shell.

Lewis (dot) Diagrams

Diagrams used to show valence electrons as dots surrounding an element symbol, with no more than two dots placed at each position (top, bottom, left, right).

Ionic Compounds

Electrically neutral substances composed of cations and anions that are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond involving the transfer of electrons from one element to another, always occurring between a metal and a non-metal.

Ionic Bond Formation Diagram

A visual representation showing the transfer of an electron from a sodium atom ($\text{Na}$) to a chloride atom ($\text{Cl}$), resulting in a sodium cation ($\text{Na}^+$) and a chloride anion ($\text{Cl}^-$).

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons (e.g., $\text{Mg}^{2+}$).

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons (e.g., $\text{Cl}^{1-}$).

Binary Ionic Compound

An ionic compound composed of ions of two different elements—one metal and one nonmetal—containing no polyatomic ions.

Drop and Swap Method

A step-by-step method for writing ionic compound formulas where the magnitudes of the ionic charges drop and swap to become subscripts, written in simplest form without ionic charges.

Polyatomic Ion

A group of more than one atom that acts as a single unit with an overall ionic charge, where all atoms and subscripts stay together.

Ternary Ionic Compound

An ionic compound that contains at least one polyatomic ion.

Transition Metal Naming Rule

The requirement to place a Roman numeral after a transition metal (groups 3–12) name to denote the specific charge of the transition metal ion.

Monatomic Cation Naming Rule

The rule for naming metal cations by simply adding the word 'ion' to the end of the element name (e.g., Sodium ion).

Monatomic Anion Naming Rule

The rule for naming nonmetal anions by dropping the last few letters of the element name and adding the suffix '-ide' (e.g., Oxide).

Polyatomic Ion Naming Rule

The rule using the specific given name from the periodic table for polyatomic ions, which usually end in '-ate' or '-ite' (e.g., Nitrate, Phosphate).

Sulfate Ion

A polyatomic ion ($\text{SO}_4^{2-}$) consisting of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms stuck together with an overall charge of $2-$.