Integrating Cells into Tissues

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to the structure and function of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and junctions discussed in the lecture on integrating cells into tissues.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A dynamic, complex meshwork of proteins and polysaccharides that contributes to the structure and function of a tissue.

Cell-Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

Molecules that mediate direct cell-cell adhesions and cell-matrix adhesions.

Basal Lamina

The layer of the extracellular matrix that connects most epithelia to adjacent connective tissue, composed of proteins like laminin and collagen type IV.

Tight Junctions

Specialized contacts between epithelial cells that seal off body cavities and prevent diffusion of substances between cells.

Gap Junctions

Channels composed of connexins that allow for communication between adjacent cells by permitting the passage of small molecules and ions.

Desmosomes

Cell junctions that link intermediate filament cytoskeletons between neighboring cells, providing structural support.

Cadherins

A type of cell-adhesion molecule that mediates calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.

Integrins

Heterodimeric adhesion receptors that bind to extracellular matrix components and link to the cytoskeleton.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Negatively charged polysaccharide chains that contribute to the hydration and cushioning of the extracellular matrix.

Focal Adhesions

Sites where cells adhere to their substratum and send signals to the cell interior, influencing cell shape and motility.

Mechanotransduction

The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals.

Hemidesmosomes

Cell-matrix junctions that anchor epithelial cells to the basal lamina through integrins.

Proteoglycans

Highly glycosylated proteins in the extracellular matrix that play roles in structural support and interaction with other ECM components.

Adherens Junctions

Adhesion junctions that connect neighboring cells and are linked to the cytoskeleton through actin filaments.

Inside-out signaling

Process where intracellular signals modify integrins to enhance binding to extracellular molecules.

Outside-in signaling

Process where binding of extracellular ligands alters integrin conformation and activates intracellular signaling.

Nidogen

A component of the basal lamina that helps crosslink other ECM proteins.

Fibronectin

A multi-adhesive matrix protein that binds to integrins and influences cell movement and shape.

Microvilli

Fingerlike projections on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells that increase surface area for absorption.

Cell-Cell Adhesion

The process by which cells adhere to one another through specific adhesion molecules.

Cell-Matrix Adhesion

The process by which cells adhere to the extracellular matrix through specific receptors.