Gateway to the World B1+ Unit 9 Vocabulary

Vocabulary terms, definitions, and word formation patterns from Gateway to the World B1+ Unit 9.

gigantic

Huge, giant, enormous.

to convince

To persuade (related forms: the conviction, convinced, convincing).

the choice

The noun form of the irregular verb to choose (past forms: chose, chosen).

the law

Root noun with adjective forms legal and illegal, and adverb forms legally and illegally.

to (dis)obey

Verb associated with the noun the (dis)obedience and the adjective (dis)obedient.

to decide

Verb meaning to make a decision; associated with the adjective (in)decisive.

a competition

Noun associated with the verb to compete with and the adjective competitive.

the (in)dependence

Noun related to the adjective (in)dependent.

(in)efficient

Adjective associated with the adverb (in)efficiently and the noun the (in)efficiency.

the deduction

Noun associated with the verb to deduce and the adjectives deductive and deducible.

the speculation

Noun associated with the verb to speculate and the adjective speculative.

uninteresting

Boring.

uninterested

Not interested.

graffiti

An uncountable noun.

to harm

To have a bad effect; to physically hurt a person.

harmful

Causing harm.

harmless

Unable to hurt anybody.

unnatural(ly)

Artificial(ly), fake.

sensible

Able to make good judgments.

valuable

Precious, very useful.

valueless

Worthless.

invaluable

Extremely useful.

Formation of adverbs of manner

The general rule of adding -ly to an adjective (adj + -ly), such as slow to slowly or official to officially.

Irregular adverbs

Adverbs that do not take the standard -ly ending: late to late, fast to fast, hard to hard, early to early, and good to well.

lately

Recently.

hardly

Almost not.

Adjectives ending in -ly

A group of common adjectives that end in -ly, including lively, lovely, beastly, deadly, and friendly.