early european manuscript & books

ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT

• were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between c. 500 - c. 1600 CE.

• They are so called because of the use of gold and silver which illuminates the text and accompanying illustrations.

Hand made illuminated manuscripts

• were initially produced by monks in abbeys but, as they became more popular, production became commercialized and was taken over by secular bookmakers.

• were quite costly

Johannes Gutenberg c. 1440 CE

• he invented the printing press.

• signaled the beginning of the end of hand-made books generally and illuminated manuscripts specifically.

Invention of typography

• ranks near the creation of writing as one of the most important advances in civilization.

Movable Type

• was first created in China by Bi Sheng

  (990-1051), who used baked clay, which was very

  fragile.

• The Yuan-dynasty official Wang Zhen is credited

  with the introduction of wooden movable.

  
  

• Cast-metal movable type began to be used in Korea

  in the early 13th century.

Typographic printing

• allowed the economical and multiple production of alphabet communication. Knowledge spread rapidly and literacy increased as a result of this remarkable invention.

Typography

• is the term for printing with independent, movable, and reusable bits of metal or wood, each of which has a raised letterform on one face.

Xylography

• is the technical term for relief printing from a raised surface that originated in Asia.

Tomás Pinpin

• was a printer, writer and publisher from Abucay, a municipality in the province of Bataan, Philippines, who was the first Philippine printer and is sometimes referred as the: “Prince of the Filipino Printers.”