ICU

normal temperature

100-101.5 F

normal heart rate for a dog

70-150bpm

normal heart rate for a cat

160-200bpm

normal resp. rate

20-40brpm

normal blood pressure

systolic: 100-150mmHg

diastolic: 60-110mmHg

MAP: 60-110mmHg

pulse oximeter - spo2

>95%

normal PCV

35-45%

normal TS

6.5-7.5g/dL

normal blood glucose

80-120mg/dL

normal BUN

10-30mg/dL

normal creatinine

1-2mg/dL

normal SDMA

0-14mg/dL

normal bilirubin

0.1-0.6mg/dL

normal albumin

2.5-4.0mg/dL

normal globulin

1.5-4.0mg/dL

normal potassium

3.5-4.5mmol/L

normal sodium

140-155mmol/L

normal ionized calcium

1.1-1.3mmol/L

normal phosphorus

2-6mg/dL

normal blood pH

7.35-7.45

normal co2

35-45mmHg

normal hco3

20-28mmol/L

normal base excess

-3 to +3 mmol/L

normal lactate

<1mmol/L

normal urine output

1-2ml/kg/hr

diabetes mellitus

insulin deficiency or resistance = high blood glucose levels

DKA

when the body id unable to use or produce insulin effectively = hyperglycemia + the body will resort to using fat as an emergency energy source = ketones, an acidic by product = an acid/base shift = acidosis + unable to maintain a proper fluid + electrolyte balance

pneumonia

general: inflammation of the lungs + airways

aspiration: inhaling foreign material (saliva, medications, etc.)

bacterial: primary or secondary bacterial infection

k9 influenza

highly contagious respiratory disease caused by two type a influenza viruses

hepatic shunts

general: portosystemic shunts are vascular abnormalities that cause portal blood to bypass the liver

intrahepatic: within the liver (small breeds)

extrahepatic: outside the liver (large breeds)

normal total calcium

8.5-10mg/dL

normal potassium

3.5-4.5mmol/L

upper air obstruction (BOAS)

partial or complete blockage of larynx, pharynx, or trachea

congestive heart failure

general: a disease heart can no longer pump blood = fluid back up

right CHF: abdominal fluid/ascites + peripheral edema

left CHF: pulmonary edema

seizures

temporary (1-2 minutes), involuntary disturbance of normal brain function + loss of consciousness + muscles move spastically

status epilepticus

a consistent seizure that lasts 5+ minutes, life threatening

ureteral obstruction

obstruction of the ureters (kidneys to bladder), bladder is not distended + can still urinate normally if only one side is blocked - causes renal damage to one side

uretheral obstruction

obstruction of the urethra (bladder to outside of the body), distended bladder + stranguria + post renal azotemia + hyperkalemia + metabolic acidosis

pulmonary edema

abnormal fluid buildup in the lung tissue and air sacs

pneumothorax

abnormal accumulation of air in pleural space

pericardial effusion

abnormal fluid accumulation within the pericardial space

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas when digestive enzymes activate prematurely & digest itself

bordetella

contagious respiratory infection in dogs causes by the bacterium bordetella bronchioseptica

tracheal collapse

c shaped cartilage rings lose their structural integrity & flatten during inhalation

laryngeal paralysis

nerves that control the muscles around the larynx become weak or paralyzed, so the muscles relax & cause the cartilage to go inward of the trachea

SIRS

systemic inflammatory response syndrome aka, wide spread activation of the inflammatory response

sepsis

clinical manifestation of SIRS, secondary to an underlying pathogenic organism

pleural effusion

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity

septic abdomen

severe inflammation of the peritoneal cavity caused by bacterial contamination

hemoabdomen

free blood accumulating in abdominal cavity

acute renal failure

sudden onset (hours/days), can be reversed, caused by: toxins/infections/ischemia, kidneys will appear symmetrically enlarged or normal, will most likely be oliguric or anuric

chronic renal failure

slow onset (months/years), irreversible, progressive causes: age related degeneration/chronic inflammation/genetic conditions, kidneys will appear small/irregular, typically pu/pd with loss of concentrating ability

uncompensated resp. acidosis

decreased pH (<7.35), increased co2 (>45mmHg), normal hco3, normal urine pH, normal BE

uncompensated resp. alkalosis

increased oh (>7.45), decreased co2 (<35mmHg), normal hco3, normal urine pH, normal BE

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

decreased pH (<7.35), normal co2, decreased hco3 (<20mmol/L), normal urine pH, abnormal BE

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

increased pH (>7.45), normal co2, increased hco3 (>28mmol/L) , normal urine pH, abnormal BE

partially compensated resp. acidosis

decreased ph (<7.35), increased co2 (>45mmHg), increased hco3 (>28mmol/L), acidic urine pH

partially compensated resp. alkalosis

increased oh (>7.45), decreased co2 (<35mmHg), decreased hco3 (<20mmol/L), alkalotic urine pH

partially compensated metabolic acidosis

decreased ph (<7.35), decreased co2 (<35mmHg), decreased hco3 (<20mmol/L), acidic urine pH

partially compensated metabolic alkalosis

increased oh (>7.45), increased co2 (>45mmHg), increased hco3 (>28mmol/L), alkalotic urine pH

atropine

anticholinergic, emergency drug

ampicillin

penicillin antibiotic

butorphanol

partial opioid antagonist agonist (kappa+ mu-) , mild-moderate analgesic, cough suppression

dopamine

positiv inotrope/vasopressor, vasoconstrictor

dobutamine

positive inotrope, increased contractility

methadone

full mu opioid agonist, analgesic

vasopressin

synthetic, antidiuretic, vasoconstriction

norepinephrine (norepi)

vasopressor, treats hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction

mannitol

osmotic diuretic

midazolam

short acting benzodiazepine, muscle relaxant & sedative, treats seizures as well

ketamine

NMDA receptor antagonist, dissociative anesthetic

benadryl/diphenhydramine

antihistamine

procainimide

antiarrythmic (treats v-tach, VPCs, and a-fib)

lidocaine

local anesthetic, antiarrythmic

reglan

metoclopramide, gi pro kinetic, anti-nausea

lasix

furosemide, loop diuretic

dexamethasone sodium phosphate

corticosteriod, potent anti-inflammatory + immunosuppressant

naloxone

opioid reversal agent

acepromazine

phenothiazine, sedative & tranquillizer

n-acetylcysteine

modified amino acid, treats acetaminophen toxicity

baytril

enrofloxacin, broad spectrum fluroquinolone antibiotic

cerenia/maropitant

antiemetic

cefotaxime/claforan

3rd gen. cephalosporin antibiotic

fentanyl

potent opioid used for moderate to severe pain - a CRI

clindamycin

lincosamide antibiotic (bacterial & protozoal)

buprenorphine

partial mu agonist kappa antagonist, longer pain relief, mild to moderate pain relief

valium/diazepam

benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant

doxycycline

broad spectrum antibiotic (bacterial & tick-borne)

dextrose

glucose, treats hypoglycemia

propofol

short acting induction agent

phenobarbital

barbiturate, surpasses seizure activity

keppra

levetiracetam, anticonvulsant, controls seizures & epilepsy

carafate

sucralfate, gi protectant, treats gi ulcers & esophagitis

ondansetron/zofran

anti-nausea/anti-emetic

aminophylline

bronchodilator, relaxes muscles in airway, eases breathing

nasogastric feeding tube (ng tube)

nose to stomach

esophagostomy tube (e tube)

goes into esophagus and only the esophagus

gastrostomy tube (g or peg tube)

goes directly into stomach

jejunostomy tube (j tube)

goes into small intestine (jejunum)

proper position for feeding tubes

ensure suture is in place/tube did not slip, aspirate tube using an empty 10mL syringe (should get negative pressure or gastric fluid)