APUSH AP Exam Review Notes By Friend (copy)

What was the key outcome of the spread of maize cultivation from present-day Mexico to North America?

Supported economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among societies.

Which native society developed irrigation systems due to a hot environment and relied heavily on corn?

Natives in the Southwest.

How did societies in the Great Plains respond to their environment?

By developing largely mobile lifestyles, cycling between hunting and farming.

What were the 3 Sacred Sister crops cultivated by Northeast natives?

Squash, corn, and beans.

What form of government was argued to have originated from the Iroquois League?

The first democracy.

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on European society?

Stimulated population growth and facilitated the shift from feudalism to capitalism.

What were the driving factors behind European exploration and colonization in the New World?

Search for wealth, economic and military competition, and the desire to spread Christianity.

What system did the Spanish use to extract Native American labor for agriculture and mining?

The Encomienda System.

Who argued that Native Americans deserved the same treatment as any other man and played a role in ending the encomienda system?

Bartolomé de Las Casas.

What did the Proclamation of 1763 aim to prevent?

Colonists from moving westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

It marked the beginning of open rebellion in the colonies.

What was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It allowed for popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in new territories.

What event did John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry try to inspire?

A rebellion among enslaved people.

What was the main goal of the Populist Party?

Stronger governmental role in regulating the economy.

What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?

Equal protection under the law for all citizens.

What was the main ideological purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?

To change the war aim to include the fight against slavery.

What did the New Deal aim to address?

Economic instability during the Great Depression through a series of programs and regulations.

What major demographic shift occurred during the Great Migration?

African Americans moved from the South to Northern cities for job opportunities.

What did the Opponents of the Treaty of Versailles fear?

Loss of congressional power to declare war.

What was the American response to the Bolshevik Revolution?

Increased fear of communism and led to the Red Scare.

What economic crisis began in 1929 and led to widespread unemployment in the United States?

The Great Depression.

What did the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act restrict?

Freedom of speech and opposition to the government's war efforts.

What characterized the Gilded Age in terms of economic disparity?

A stark division between the wealthy elite and the poor working class.

What effect did World War II have on American women?

They entered the workforce in record numbers, taking on jobs traditionally held by men.

What was a major result of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s?

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

What event is referred to as the inception of modern women's rights movements?

The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 aim to accomplish?

Eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.

What event sparked the anti-war movements during the Vietnam War?

The increasing U.S. involvement in Vietnam raised moral and ethical questions.

What was the primary focus of President Reagan's policies during the 1980s?

Cutting taxes and deregulating industries.

Which U.S. policy sought to contain the spread of communism during the Cold War?

The Truman Doctrine.

What major political scandal affected President Nixon's presidency?

Watergate scandal.

What did the term 'Iron Curtain' symbolize during the Cold War?

The division between communist and capitalist countries in Europe.

What was the major goal of U.S. foreign policy during the post-World War II era?

To maintain global leadership and promote democracy.