KINE 3030 Functional Anatomy Exam I Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the KINE 3030 Functional Anatomy Exam I Study Guide.

Anatomical Position

The standard reference posture of the human body and skeleton used to identify bone locations, landmarks, and movements.

Cardinal Planes

Specific reference planes used to define whole body and individual joint movements.

Primary Axes

Reference lines around which whole body and individual joint movements take place.

Cortical Bone

A dense, compact quality/type of bone tissue that forms the hard outer layer of bones.

Cancellous Bone

A spongy, trabecular quality/type of bone tissue located internally within bones.

Periosteum

A specialized membrane covering the outer surface of bones.

Bone Modeling

The process by which bone shape and structure are altered through independent resorption and formation during growth.

Bone Remodeling

The continuous process of bone resorption followed by bone formation that replaces existing bone tissue throughout life.

Wolff's Law

The principle stating that skeletal structures adapt and alter their architecture in response to the physical forces exerted on them.

Stress

The internal force per unit area produced within a bone when an external force is applied.

Strain

The amount of deformation or change in dimensions experienced by bone material relative to its original shape when loaded.

Osteopenia

A condition of reduced bone mineral density that is less severe than osteoporosis, influenced by nutrition, maturation, and use.

Osteoporosis

A disease characterized by significant loss of bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk beyond osteopenia.

Synovial Joint

A classification of articulation containing structures such as a joint capsule, ligaments, articular cartilage, and fibrocartilage disks.

Joint Capsule

A common structural component in a synovial joint that surrounds and encloses the joint cavity.

Articular Cartilage

A smooth connective tissue layer covering the articulating surfaces of bones within a synovial joint.

Fibrocartilage Disks

Specialized cartilage structures within certain synovial joints that provide cushioning and enhance joint fit.

Sarcomere

The structural and functional contractile unit within a muscle cell.

Tendon

A band of dense fibrous tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.

Fascia

A band or sheet of connective tissue that wraps, surrounds, and separates muscle cells and muscle groups.