NCCT 1

What are the three main parts of a medical term?

Prefix, word root, and suffix.

What does a medical prefix do?

Appears at the beginning and modifies meaning.

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Circulates blood, oxygen, and nutrients; removes wastes.

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Produces hormones for growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

What is the main function of the integumentary system?

Protects the body and helps regulate heat and sensation.

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

Fluid balance, immune support, and absorption of dietary fats.

What are the three types of muscle?

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

What structures are in the female reproductive system?

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina.

What structures are in the male reproductive system?

Testes, prostate, and penis.

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

What structures belong to the respiratory system?

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm.

Which structures are included in the skeletal system?

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

Which structures make up the urinary system?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

What does hyper- mean?

Above normal or increased.

What does dys- mean?

Difficult, painful, abnormal, or impaired.

What does epi- mean?

On or upon.

What does inter- mean?

Between.

What does intra- mean?

Within.

What does ab- mean?

Away from.

What does bi- mean?

Twice or double.

What does olig/o mean?

Few or scanty.

What does poster/o mean?

Back or behind.

What does dist/o mean?

Far from the center or attachment.

What does -itis mean?

Inflammation.

What does -emia mean?

Blood condition.

What does -ase mean?

Enzyme.

What does -asthenia mean?

Weakness.

What does -ismus mean?

Spasm or contraction.

What does -dipsia mean?

Thirst.

What does cardi/o mean?

Heart.

What does gastr/o mean?

Stomach.

What does nephr/o or ren/o mean?

Kidney.

What does cyt/o mean?

Cell.

What does oste/o mean?

Bone.

What does hepat/o mean?

Liver.

What does phleb/o or ven/o mean?

Vein.

What does angi/o or vascul/o mean?

Blood vessel.

What does ather/o mean?

Fatty deposit.

What does bronch/o mean?

Bronchus.

What does trache/o mean?

Trachea.

What does enter/o mean?

Small intestine.

What does cyst/o or vesic/o mean?

Bladder or sac.

What does lymph/o mean?

Lymph.

What does erythr/o mean?

Red.

What does melan/o mean?

Black.

What does lip/o mean?

Fat.

What does therm/o mean?

Heat.

What does acr/o mean?

Extremities or top.

What does crani/o mean?

Skull.

What does rhin/o mean?

Nose.

What does blephar/o mean?

Eyelid.

What does hyster/o or uter/o mean?

Uterus.

What does pyel/o mean?

Renal pelvis.

What does PRN mean?

As needed.

What does BID mean?

Twice daily.

What does pc mean in medication timing?

After meals.

What does IM mean?

Intramuscular.

What does IV mean?

Intravenous.

What does subq or SC mean?

Subcutaneous.

What does CBC mean?

Complete blood count.

What does TPR mean?

Temperature, pulse, and respiration.

What does H&P mean?

History and physical.

What does hx mean?

History.

What does DRG mean?

Diagnosis-related group.

What does ROS mean?

Review of systems.

What does EMR mean?

Electronic medical record.

What does WBC mean?

White blood cell(s).

What does Hgb mean?

Hemoglobin.

What does FBS mean?

Fasting blood sugar.

What does NKDA mean?

No known drug allergies.

What does ROM mean?

Range of motion.

What does AED stand for?

Automated external defibrillator.

What does CXR stand for?

Chest X-ray.

What does CT stand for?

Computerized tomography.

What does GU stand for?

Genitourinary.

What does LUQ mean?

Left upper abdominal quadrant.

What does EKG or ECG stand for?

Electrocardiogram.

Tissue: Epithelial

Covers and lines body surfaces and organs.; Skin, glands, organ linings

Tissue: Nervous

Transmits electrical signals.; Neurons and supporting nervous tissue

Anatomical direction: Anterior / Ventral

Front / belly side; Sternum is anterior to the spine.

Anatomical direction: Distal

Farther from attachment point; Fingers are distal to elbow.

RUQ – right upper abdominal quadrant

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreatic head, right kidney, part of colon.; clue: Gallbladder or liver complaints.

LLQ – left lower abdominal quadrant

Descending and sigmoid colon, small intestine, left ureter; left ovary and tube if present.; clue: Sigmoid colon location.

Skin color: Pallor

Unusual paleness; may be seen with anemia or poor perfusion.

Skin color: Ecchymosis

Purplish bruising under the skin.

Skin lesion: Papule

Small raised solid bump (example: wart).

Skin lesion: Pustule

Raised lesion filled with pus (example: pimple).

Skin disease: Dermatitis / eczema

Inflamed skin; eczema commonly causes itching and scaling.

Skin disease: Herpes simplex

Vesicular lesions caused by HSV.

Skin disease: Tinea corporis

Ringworm: round fungal skin lesion, not a worm.

Skin disease: Basal cell carcinoma

Often a pearly skin lesion.

Burn depth: Third degree (full-thickness)

Destroys full skin thickness; requires urgent evaluation.

Fracture: Greenstick

Incomplete fracture, common in children; bone bends/cracks.

Fracture: Comminuted

Bone broken into multiple fragments.

Musculoskeletal condition: Scoliosis

Side-to-side curvature of spine.

Musculoskeletal condition: Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease causing pain/stiffness.

Musculoskeletal condition: Gout

Uric acid crystal arthritis.