Module 13_The Urogenital/Reproductive Systems_Terms

albuminuria

presence of albumin in the urine (symptom of kidney disease or failure).

acute

sharp, severe (from the Latin word acer).

acme

the highest point or peak (from the Greek word akme).

anuria

anuresis. The absence of urinary production possibly due to kidney dysfunction or failure.

ascites

excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity (from the Greek word askites = dropsy, now called hydrops).

bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine

catheter

tube for evacuating or injecting fluids (from the Greek word katheter = something inserted).

chorion

the outermost extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the placenta (from the Greek word chorion = skin, leather).

contraction

a shortening or tightening, as of a muscle.

depression

a hollow or lowered region. The lowering of vital functions, as respiration. A mental state characterized by dejection.

diuretic

an agent that increases the secretion of urine.

dysmenorrhea

painful or difficult menstruation.

dyspareunia

painful coitus, experienced by women.

dystocia

difficult labor (from the Greek dys- = difficult and tokos = childbirth).

epididymitis

Acute inflammation the epididymis. From the Greek words epi- = on + didymos = testicle + itis = inflammation.

fornix

the part of the vagina that lies superior to the cervix (from the Latin word fornix = arch, vault).

fundus

dome-like top of the uterus above the fallopian tubes (from the Latin word fundus = bottom, in anatomy the term is used to indicate the point of a hollow structure farthest from its opening).

gonad

a gamete-producing gland, e.g., the ovary or testes (form the Greek word gonos = offspring, childbirth, seed, womb).

hydrocele

an accumulation of serous fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, e.g., in the tunic vaginalis of the testicle (from the Greek words hydor = water + kele = hernia, since the fluid sac was originally thought to be protruding into the scrotum from the peritone

hypospadias, hypospadia

congenital opening of the male urethra upon the undersurface of the penis. Also a urethral opening into the vagina.

ischemia

a decrease in the supply of blood or blood flow to a body part (from the Greek word ischanein = to hold in check, to hold back).

incontinence

inability to retain urine, semen, through loss of sphincter control, or due to cerebral or spinal lesions. Absence of restraint in sexual activities.

infundibulum

funnel shaped part of the fallopian tube (from the Latin word infundibulum = funnel).

leukorrhea

white or yellowish mucous discharge from the cervical canal or vagina.

meatus

a passage or opening.

menarche

the first monthly menstruation signaling the onset of puberty (from the Greek words men- = month + arche = beginning).

nephrology

study of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the kidney. The medical practitioner specializing in the field is called a nephrologist.

preeclampsia

a abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, headaches, and edema. May lead to true eclampsia (Gr. ek = out + lampein = to shine).

primigravida

a woman during her first pregnancy (Latin primus = first + gravida = pregnant).

prolapse

a falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part.

proteinuria

protein, usually albumin, in the urine.

puerperium

perios following the third stage of labor (from the Latin words puer = child + parere = to bear).

   pyuria

pus in the urine.

retroversion

a turning, or a state of being turned back, especially an entire organ being tipped (Latin retro- + versus).

   transurethral resection

partial excision through the urethra.

urology

the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the urinary system. The medical practitioner of this discipline is known as a urologist.

uterine atony

debility or lack of normal tone of the uterus.

variocele

enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord commonly occurring on the left side in adolescent males. Treatment is rarely required.

glomerulus

a tuft formed by capillary loops from the Lat. diminutive form of glomus = a ball of yarn

amnios (Gr.)

lamb (fetal membrane)

amni/o

askos (Gr.)

pouch, sack (ascites)

ascit/o

balanos (Gr.)

penis

balan/o

calix (Lat.)

cup, pot

calic/o

cervix (Lat.)

pertaining to the neck of an organ

cervic/o

didymos (Gr.)

twin, as in the testicles

didym/o

epision (Gr.)

vulva (female external genitalia)

episi/o

hymen (Gr.)

membrane, the hymen

hymen/o

hystera (Gr.)

uterus

hyster/o

kleitoris (Gr.)

clitoris

clitor/o

kolpos (Gr.)

vagina

colp/o

kustis (Gr.)

bladder

cyst/o

locheia (Gr.)

childbirth, lochia

lochi/o

metra (Gr.)

uterus

metr/o

nephros (Gr.)

kidney

nephr/o

numphe (Gr.)

maiden

nymph/o

orchis (Gr.)

maiden

nymph/o

oureter (Gr.)

testicle

orchi/o, orchid/o

ourethra (Gr.)

ureter

uretr/o

ouron (Gr.)

urine

ur/o

pexis (Gr.)

a fixing, putting together, surgical fixation

-pexy

phallos (Gr.)

penis

phall/o

prostates (Gr.)

one who stands before (prostate gland stands before the testes)

prostat/o

pyelos (Gr.)

pan, basin, (renal) pelvis

pyel/o

renes (Lat.)

kidneys

ren/o

rheos (Gr.)

flowing, discharge

rrhe/o

salpingx (Gr.)

fallopian tube

salping/o

scrotum (Lat.)

scrotum

scrot/o

sperma (Gr.)

seed

spermat/o

testis (Lat.)

witness, testes

testicul/o

tokos (Gr.)

childbirth

toc/o

uterus (Lat.)

uterus

uter/o

vagina (Lat.)

sheath, vagina

vagin/o

vas (Lat.)

vessel

vas/o

vesica (Lat.)

bladder

vesic/o

vulva (Lat.)

wrapper, vulva

vulv/o