topic 9 shits

3 flux points of regulation in glycolysis

step 1 (hexokinase converts glucose to g6o)

step 3 (PFK converts g6p into f1,6bp)

step 10 pyruvate kinase converts pep into 2 pyruvate and yields 2 atp

insulin activates ______ and inhibits _____ by _______

glycogen synthase and inhibits phosphorylase by dephosphorylating

glucagon activates ______- and inhibits ______ by

activates phosphorylase and inhibits synthase by phosphorylsizing

PFK is activated by

fructose 2,6 BP , AMP, ADP, P

PFK is inhibited by

atp, citrase

2 methods of fermentation

lactate and ethanol (+ co2) formation

lactate formation

fermentation where pyrvuate is reduced by lactate dehydrogenous

ethanol formation

fermentation where pyruvate releases a co2 (by pyrvuate decarboxylase) into acetylaldehyde and then is reduced by alchol dehydrogenous

fermentation produces

2 ATP without NAD+/NADH or oxygen

gluconeogenesis occurs in

liver and kidneys