Eukaryotic Cells - Large central vacuole and Chloroplasts - Part 6

Function of large central vacuole?

Contains cell sap

What does cell sap store?

• glucose

• amino acids

• minerals

• vitamins

• pigments

Another function for large central vacuole?

Support the structure in soft plant tissue

What is the vacuole surrounded by?

membrane

What is the membrane of a large central vacuole called?

tonoplast

What does the tonoplast control?

controls exchange between vacuole and cytoplasm

What is the cell sap in the vacuole?

the fluid

What is an example of cell sap?

• colour of certain flowers

• colour beetroot

What are the parts inside a chloroplast?

inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, granum, thylakoid membrane, stroma, lamella, starch grains, 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

1. What is known about chloroplasts??

2. Why?

1. quite large and green

2. contain a pigment called chlorophyll

Where are chloroplasts found?

mainly in leaves

Description for chloroplasts?

small flattened structure surrounded by double membrane , or envelope

What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called?

thylakoid membranes

1. What do these thylakoid membranes look like?

2. What do they form?

1. up in some parts of the chloroplast

2. grana (singular: granum)

What are grana linked together by?

lamellae

What is the description for lamellae?

thin flat pieces of thylakoid membrane

What do grana contain?

chlorophyll

1. What else does grana contain?

2. Why?

1. DNA

2. to code for the production of the proteins (often enzymes) that the organelle requires

Function of chloroplast?

Site of photosynthesis.

Where does the light dependant reaction happens?

in the grana

How does photosynthesis work?

light energy captured by the chlorophyll and used to split water molecules to provide hydrogen ions,

which are used to make ADP and reduces nADP

1. Where does the light dependant reaction also happen?

2. How?

1. Stroma (fluid)

2. ATP and reduced nADP are used to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide

What is also present in chloroplasts?

starch grains (the products of photosynthesis and a source of energy)