CV Adaptations to Aerobic Training

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16 Terms

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Fick Equation

VO2 = HR x SV x aVO2diff

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Absolute VO2

the total volume of oxygen consumed

units: L/min

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Relative VO2

the total volume of oxygen consumed relative to body weight, allows comparison of aerobic fitness among individuals of various body size

units: mL/kg/min

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VO2 in L/min for a well trained individual

3/5 L/min

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normal values for relative mL/kg/min VO2 for various groups of individuals

untrained college aged females: 30-35 mL/kg/min

untrained college age males:35-45 mL/kg/min


active college aged females: 40-45 mL/kg/min

active college aged males: 45-50 mL/kg/min


trained college aged females: 50-60 mL/kg/min

trained college age males: 55-65 mL/kg/min


competitive athletes: 65-85 mL/kg/min


highest measure VO2 max = 95 mL/kg/min

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VO2 can increase

up to 20%

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how long would a 20% VO2 increase take

about 3 months (90 days)

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What is not affected by aerobic training?

maximal HR is not affected

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what must occur to get maximal HR?

full activation of SNS

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1 L/min VO2 =

1 L/min VO2 = 6 L/min Q

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most important factor to change VO2 is

change in blood volume

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effects of aerobic exercise on the structural architecture of the heart

LVID (LVEED): increases in aerobically trained

MWT (mean weight of heart): increase in aerobically trained due to muscle hypertrophy

LVM (left ventricle mass): increases

<p>LVID (LVEED): increases in aerobically trained </p><p>MWT (mean weight of heart): increase in aerobically trained due to muscle hypertrophy</p><p>LVM (left ventricle mass): increases</p>
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higher VO2 indicates

higher speed

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blood (plasma) volume in pretraining vs post training

  • training increases 10% of blood volume

  • hematocrit decreases because viscosity of blood decreases, making it easier to flow in the vascular system


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hormones involved in the increase of plasma volume and RBCs

  • aldosterone: activated by reduction in kidney blood flow

    • blood moves away from splanchnic region during exercise, retention of water causes an increase in plasma volume

  • EPO: secreted from kidney, triggered by reduction in kidney blood flow


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to increase SV what must occur?

you need to increase blood volume to increase SV, cannot rely only on structural changes of the heart