AP World History

Crusades

Series of religious military campaigns

Sufism

Branch of Islam that focuses on a direct, emotional connection to God

Fief

A piece of land given to someone in exchange for loyalty and service

Great Schism

The permanent split of the Christian church into two seperate churches

Bhakti Movement

Emphasized a deep personal love and devotion to a single God

Manorialism

Wealth and power revolved around a lords Manor

Ulama

Top religious and legal scholars in the Islamic world

Shiite

One of two main branches of Islam where they believes the Islamic community must stay within Muhammad’s direct bloodline

Vassal

A person who receives land from a Lord in exchange for military services and loyalty

Al-Andalus

The region of Spain and Portugal while under muslim rule

Meritocracy

A system where where people are chosen for jobs based on academic achivment

Grand Canal

Large man made waterway that connects North and South China

Syncretism

The blending of different religions

House of Wisdom

Giant Library

Caliph

The supreme religious and political religious leader of the Muslim community

Renaissance

Period of rebirth of the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome

Mita System

Mandatory Labor tax where people worked for the state instead of paying with money or crops

Feudalism

A political and social system based on land, loyalty, and protection

Coercive Labor

Any work where people are forced against their will because they are threatened

Neo-Confucianism

An updated version of Confucianism

Sharia

System of Islamic Law that guides how Muslims should live their daily lives

Seljuk Empire

Powerful medieval Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire

Flying Money

Worlds first system of paper money

Theravada Buddhism

The older, more conservative branch of Buddhism that focuses on strict personal discipline, individual meditation, and the original teachings of the historical Buddha

Hajj

The holy pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim should make if they can

Three field system

Farming methods where they would rotate crops and let one third of the land rest each year

Sunni

Largest branch of Islam

Dar al-Islam

House of Islam, where all the regions of Islam where dominant

Kabaa

Cube shaped building in Mecca, most sacred site of Islam

Umma

The entire global community of Islam combined together by their shared religion

Greek Philosophy

New way of thinking how the world worked instead of just relying on God and religion

Jizya

Tax paid by non muslim

Champa Rice

Quick growing, drought resistant rice

Muhammad

Arab religious and political leader who founded Islam

Tibetan Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that blends Indian Mahayana and Vajrayana teachings with native Tibetan shamanism

Maya City States

A bunch of independent self governed cities that shared a common culture but never united under one king

Quran

Word of God, the holy book of Islam

Serf

A peasant who is legally tied to the land they work on

Zen Buddhism

Branch of Buddhism where they focus of silence and meditation rather than heavy religious readings

Chinampas

Floating gardens

Cahokia

A massive pre Columbian City

Song Dynasty

Golden age of China

Dhimmi

Protected non muslims in a muslim community

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful wealthy kingdom

Mahayana Buddhism

Makes enlightenment easy and accessible to everyone

Caliphate

an Islamic state ruled by a leader called a caliph, who is considered a political and religious successor to the Prophet Muhammad

Abbasid Caliphate

Third major Islamic empire

Delhi Sultanate

A series of five Turkic and Afghan Muslim dynasties that ruled over large parts of northern India from their capital in Delhi

Buddhist monks

A religious practice where you devote your life to religion

Confucianism

A practical social and ethical philosophy

Filial Piety

Confucious idea that children must show respect obedience and care for their parents and ancestors

Waru Waru Agriculture

A farming technique where they would grow crops in harsh, flooded environments